Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Paediatrics > Locomotor > Flashcards

Locomotor Flashcards

1
Q

What must always be ruled out with presentation of joint pain?

A

Septic Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the commonest acute causes of a painful limp in 1-3 year olds?

A

Septic arthritis
Transient synovitis
Trauma/ Non accidental injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is transient synovitis?

A

‘Irritable hip’ - commonest cause of acute hip pain in children aged 2-12 years. Usually follows a viral illness and ROM is limited but no pain at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Management of transient synovitis?

A

Bed rest + treatment of viral symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the commonest causes of chronic painless limp in a child aged 1-3?

A

Developmental dysplasia of the hip/talipes
CP
Unequal leg length
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what age would you suspect Perthe’s disease as a diagnosis?

A

5-10 years

Mainly affects boys (5:1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is perthe’s disease?

A

Ischaemia of the femoral epiphysis and results in avascular necrosis of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is Perthe’s disease diagnosed?

A

X - ray: shows increased density of femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Perthe’s disease present?

A

Insidious onset of hip pain or limp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is Perthe’s disease managed?

A

If caught early: bed rest + physio

If late: may need cast and fixation in abducted position using calipers or surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the malignancies that commonly cause bone/joint pain?

A

Neuroblastoma (0-5 years)
Osteosarcoma (5-15 years)
Ewing’s sarcoma (0-15 years)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Ewing’s sarcoma?

A

Malignant, small, round blue cell tumour found in bone or soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What must you consider in children reaching adolescent presenting with joint pain?

A

Mechanical overuse due to sport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

At what age is septic arthritis most common?

A

Under 2 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does septic arthritis present?

A

Single, hot, red and swollen joint
Painful on movement but also at rest
Systemically unwell
Infant keeps it still and cries if it is moved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main cause of septic arthritis?

A

Staph Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What investigation would you do for septic arthritis?

A

FBC, ESR, CRP, blood culture
Joint aspirate (MC&S)
X ray
In child who is unwell - may consider LP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Management of septic arthritis?

A

Admission!
IV Abx - flucloxacillin, Ben pen for 3 weeks
Oral course after for 4-6 weeks
Infants given 3rd gen ceph to cover H. Influenzae
Physio to avoid stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How common is developmental dysplasia of the hips?

A

1% of children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is DDH?

A

Mal development of hip/acetabulum so they don;t fit together properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the risk factors for DDH?

A 
The 4 'Fs'
Frank breech position
FH
Female
First born
22
Q

How do you test for DDH?

A

Barlow’s and Ortolani’s tests

23
Q

What is Barlow’s test?

A

With hips in adducted position, apply some pressure posterioirly to the knees. Positive result is when a clunk is felt as the hip slides out of the acetabulum

24
Q

What is Ortolani’s test?

A

With hips in abducted position, apply pressure using finger to the femurs. A dislocated hip will not abduct fully and clunk back into place doing this maneuver

25
What must be checked for early to prevent limp/abnormal gait in later life?
Developmental dysplasia of hips
26
How is DDH managed
Pavlik's harness - holds hip in place (abducted) for 3 months whilst acetabular rim develops
27
What is the commonest form of arthritis in children?
Reactive arthritis
28
What is reactive arthritis?
acute inflammatory arthritis occurring with or following an infection, but without evidence of causative organism in joint. Clasically, gastroenteritis
29
What infections should be suspected in adolescents with reactive arthritis?
STI - chlamydia, gonorrhoea
30
What is reiter's syndrome?
Combination of arthritis, urethritis, uveitis | associated with reactive arthritis
31
How is reactive arthritis managed?
NSAIDs and rest
32
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
Persistent joint swelling lasting more than 6 weeks and presenting before 16 years old. In absence of infection
33
What are the subtypes of Juvenile idiopatic arthritis?
Oligoarthritis (most common, 1-4 joints) Pauciarticular, ANA positive (4+ joints) Polyarticular, RF negative/positive (4+ joints) Psoriatic Arthritis Enthesitis-related arthritis (where tendons attach to bone) Systemic (still's disease)
34
When is the pain/stiffness worse in JIA?
Morning and after periods of inactivity
35
What is the management for JIA?
Need to sort pain and inflammation + keep ROM NSAIDs Corticosteroid injections DMARDs - methotrexate is first line if multiple joints Biological drugs e.g infliximab
36
In a child with JIA, what must be consistently screened for?
Uveitis - often common and asymptomatic in pauciarticular JIA
37
What investigations should be done in JIA
ANA blood test ESR CRP X rays
38
What is slipped upper femoral epiphysis?
Displacement of the epiphysis of the femoral head potero-inferiorly
39
What group of patients is SUFE most common
Fat, growing teenage boys (10-15 years)
40
Is acute of chronic presentation of SUFE more common?
Chronic - gradual slipping of the epiphysis
41
How is SUFE classified?
Stable - can walk (90%) | Unstable - can't walk (10 %)
42
How is SUFE managed?
Rest and surgery (pin used to fix hip in place) | If acute and large displacement, need urgent surgery to prevent avascular necrosis
43
What is Osgood-schlatter disease?
Multiple tiny fractures at point where quads insert into tibia. Caused by exercise so seen in active adolescents
44
How does Osgood-schlatter present?
Pain and swelling at tibial tuberosity Relieved by rest Pain provoked by knee extension against resistance
45
Treatment of Osgood-schlatter?
RICE Simple analgesia Reduce physical activity
46
What is the pathological cause of Genu Varum?
Rickets
47
Which congenital condition do you see per planus?
Elhers-Danlos
48
Which organism most commonly causes osteomyelitis?
Staph Aureus (others include strep and H. Influenzae)
49
What is Still's disease?
Systemic arthritis - arthritis with at least 2 weeks of daily fever
50
How does Still's disease present?
A daily high spiking fever. A salmon rash with fever. It is usually symmetrical and affects several joints

Paediatrics (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions