Locke

Question 1

Human nature

Answer 1

• Humans are born in “a state of perfect freedom and equality” ((p.8)
• “A state of peace, goodwill, mutual assistance, preservation” p.15

Question 2

Key concepts

Answer 2

• property exists in the state of nature
• people in the state of nature perceive + abide by the laws of nature
• possessive individualism - the desire to take ownership of one’s own property (colonialism)
• Locke argues that god legitimized private property

Question 3

Justice

Answer 3

-You cannot harm anything or anyone in your possession (even slaves)
- suicide is unacceptable
- everyone in the state of nature are judges + executioners of the awls of nature/
“Every man has the right to punish transgressions of others, make them sanctuary under established laws of government, and seek the preservation of their property(67)
- you cannot are the life or property from yourselves, or others

Question 4

dignity

Answer 4

-Self preservation of yourself + your property
- men unite in in societies for the common good of society (to protect themselves and their property) - legislature cannot take one’s property
*of course the subject of property comes with the understanding of indigenous property/ land. Locke believed in the idea that if one is deemed. Using the resources/ property incorrectly there is a right to have that property taken away in order to be used for more “profitable”/ fitting practices or ownership.

Question 5

Property

Answer 5

• property exists in the state of nature
• pro-enclosure movement
  “God gave land to mankind in common. Therefore, property is held in common.” (P.18)
• no property regulations * = in the state of nature
  God commanded us tot subdue the earth, and make it better

Question 6

Power (in the case of man)

Answer 6

• Self preservation of yourself and your property (within law)
• power to punish crimes against the law
• the possession of property

Question 7

Power of the society

Answer 7

• cannot extend farther than the common good

Question 8

Power: of the leader of the commonwealth (legislature)

Answer 8

• must rule/ govern by the list of established laws
• power is limited to the public good of society. Because of this, legislative power does NOT have the right to destroy, enslave, or impoverish subjects
• legislature is not above the law (must act on standing laws + known authorized judges)
• legislative law is unalterable, or cannot be changed
  -the legislature is appointed due to of the idea of the consent of society
• legislative power has no right to destroy, enslave, or impoverish subjects
• legislature can make laws regulating property, but he cannot take subject power without consent

Question 9

Purpose of the state

Answer 9

Because men are naturally fearful of anything that prevents them from self preserving, there is a need for “mutual preservation” or governance for the common.

Question 10

Why is that? (Card 9 cont.)

Answer 10

In order to protect life, liberty, and property

Question 11

First fundamental law of all commonwealth =

Answer 11

Legislative power

Question 13

Property (key concept) - Locke theory of labor + appropriation

Answer 13

• the right to one’s ownership of property
• Labor + property = ownership
• if you mix your labor with the ingredients that are from the common, it is said to become your property. *

Question 14

(Property key concepts) - conditions of property

Answer 14

• leave enough for others
• colonization
• if one isn’t using its property to its full potential, it can be taken.
• limits on property disappear with money
• do not waste/ spoil resources or property