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Law multiple choice > LOCK IN > Flashcards

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1
Q

Functional groups

A

Cluster of atoms that are involved in chemical reactions

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2
Q

Hydroxyl

A
  • Formula; OH
  • Found in alcohols
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3
Q

Carboxyl

A
  • Formula; COOH, COO-
  • Found in acids
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4
Q

Carbonyl

A
  • Formula; CO/COH
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5
Q

Amino

A

Formula ; NH2, NH3 +
Makes a molecule more basic

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6
Q

BONDING CAPACITY

A

Bonding capacity for common elements:
C - 4
H - 1
O - 2
S – 2 or 6
N – 3 or 5
P – 5 (in phosphate)

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7
Q

Properties of Hydroxyl

A

POLAR

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8
Q

Properties of Carbonyl

A

POLAR

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9
Q

Properties of Carboxyl

A

polar
acidic ( donates an atom)

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10
Q

Properties of Amino

A

polar
basic (accepts an atom)

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11
Q

Properties of Phosphate

A

polar
negatively charged

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12
Q

Properties of Sulfhydryl

A

Slightly polar

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13
Q

Macromolecules

A

large molecules composed of repeating subunits.
The subunits are called

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14
Q

What are the subunits in macromolecules called

A

MONOMERS

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15
Q

What does polarity depend on

A

The polarity of a covalent bond depends on electronegativity of atoms involved. Electronegativity: the measure of an atom’s attraction
for additional electrons

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16
Q

Ionic bonds

A

The complete transfer of one or more valence atoms. Full charges on resulting ions

17
Q

Intermolecular bonds

A
  • Bonds between molecules
  • Weaker
  • Determine state of matter
    Van der Waals forces (LDF, dipole-dipole) or Hydrogen bonds
18
Q

What is the most important feature of water

A

Its dipole nature. This means it has two charges. There is a small positive charge on each of the hydrogens and a small negative charge on the positive

19
Q

The Importance of Molecular Polarity in Biology

A

Like Dissolves Like
The polarity of water organizes molecules into cells

20
Q

Explain the meaning of “like dissolves like”

A

Polar liquid dissolves polar solid

Nonpolar liquid dissolves nonpolar solid

Nonpolar and polar do not dissolve

If two substances will dissolve, they are said to be miscible
If two substances will not dissolve, they are said to be immiscible

21
Q

Hydrophobic

A

doesn’t mix w water

22
Q

Hydrophyllic

A

mixes with water

23
Q

Solvent

A

The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution

24
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved in another substance

25
Q

What is hydroxyl found in

A

carbs, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids

26
Q

What is Carbonyl found in

A

carbs, nucleic acid

27
Q

What is Carboxyl found in

A

proteins lipids

28
Q

What is Amino found in

A

proteins, nucleic acids

29
Q

What is Sulfhydryl found in

A

proteins

30
Q

What is Phosphate found in

A

nuclieic acids

31
Q

Why are ions relevant in biology

A

Ions are an important part of living systems. For
example, hydrogen ions, H+, are critical to many
biological processes, including cellular respiration.
Sodium ions, Na+, are part of transport mechanisms
that enable specific molecules to enter cells.

32
Q
A
33
Q

Radioisotopes

A

The nuclei of some isotopes of an element are unstable and tend to break down, or decay, giving off particles of matter that can be detected as radioactivity. The decay process transforms an unstable, radioactive isotope—called a radioisotope into an atom of another element

34
Q

ionic bond

A

a bond that results from attraction between two oppositely charged atoms

35
Q

what do intermolecular forces influence

A

physical properties, brittleness, melting point

36
Q

hydrogen bond

A

the attractive force between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom and a partially negatively charged atom in another molecule

37
Q

properties of water

A

high specific heat capacity
cohesion- water clings
adhesion - water clings
solid water is less dense than liquid water

38
Q

what’s a buffer

A

a weak acid or base that can compensate for changes in a solution to maintain the proper pH level.

Law multiple choice (9 decks)

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