Localisation, blood supply, pain and temp. pathways Flashcards
name of swellings seen on neural tube 4 wpc
3 swellings
presencephalon/ forebrain
mesencephalon/ midbrain
rhombencephalon/ hindbrain
swellings seen on neural tube 5 wpc
and what they develop into in the mature brain
5 swellings
prosencephalon divides into telencephalon (cerebral hemisphere) and diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus etc)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
rhombencephalon divides into the metencephalon (pons and cerebellum) and mylencephalon (medulla)
there are 31 spinal nerves, 4 main segments plus 1 coccygeal nerve. what are others
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 saccral
anatomical features on VENTRAL view of brainstem
midbrain= cerebral peduncles (bundles of WHITE matter which connect the midbrain to rest of brain)
medulla= olives and pyramids
cranial nerves (except 1,2,4)
anatomical features of DORSAL view of brainstem
cranial nerve 4
midbrain= superior and inferior colliculi
medulla= open and closed medulla
the 4 divisions of the diencephalon/ inner brain are….
thalamus - all grey matter (bundles of nuclei), relay station between parts of CNS
hypothalamus- all grey matter, autonomic and neuro-endocrine functions
epithalamus- pineal gland, melatonin
subthalamus -involved in motor control, not seen in mid-sagittal view
functions of frontal/ motor cortex
controls movements
regulates emotions
functions of parietal/ sensory cortex
processes sensory information
understanding language
spatial orientation
functions of temporal/ auditory cortex
processes auditory information
regulates emotions
occipital/visual cortex
processes visual information
primary projection areas: sensory pathways terminate …
general sensory pathways terminate in post-central gyrus
visual sensory pathways terminate around the calcarine sulcus of occipital lobe
auditory sensory pathways terminate in the heschl’s gyrus
primary protection areas: motor pathways descend from..
the pre-central gyrus, also called the primary motor cortex
association areas:
where are secondary sensory areas which will interpret the information from the primary sensory areas
general sensory= on the superior parietal lobe
visual secondary sensory areas are in the pre-striate cortex
auditory= lateral fissure and superior temporal gyrus
association areas: where are secondary motor areas which will organise the PATTERN of movements
pre-motor cortex is anterior to the pre-central sulcus on lateral surface
supplementary motor area= anterior to the pre-central sulcus on medial surface
frontal eye field (co-ordinates eye movement) = anterior to pre-motor area
which foramina do the 2 arteries supplying brain enter the skull through
vertebral artery = enters via the foramen magnum
carotid artery= enters via the carotid canals
3 pairs of cerebral arteries are…
MCA, ACA, PCA
3 pairs of cerebellar arteries are…
SCA, AICA, PICA
what regions specifically of the cerebrum do the 3 cerebral arteries supply
ACA= superior and medial areas of the frontal/ parietal lobes AND corpus callosum
MCA= lateral areas of the frontal/temporal/ parietal lobes
PCA= inferior and medial surface of temporal lobe AND the occipital lobe
striate arteries are a type of perforating artery which supply
deep structures inside the hemisphere:
- deep nuclei
- deep grey mater
- internal capsule
- major descending motor pathway
difference between the dura of spinal cord and brain
in brain there is no fluid between the dura mater layers
in spinal cord, the dura is separated from the bony wall of vertebra by EPIDURAL SPACE which is occupied by FAT
CN3 is ___ and emerges from ___ on the brainstem
oculomotor
between the cerebral peduncles in the midbrain
CN5 is ___ and emerges from ___ on the brainstem
trigeminal
lateral aspect of pons
CN6 is ___ and emerges from ___ on the brainstem
abducens
junction between the pons and medulla
CLOSEST to midline
CN7 is ___ and emerges from ___ on the brainstem
facial
junction between pons and medulla
lateral to CN6
