local control Flashcards
who is responsible to avoid collisions with other aircraft?
the pilot
What can the local controller provide to the pilot to help avoid collisions?
Local control can provide traffic information to pilots operating aircraft in Class B, C, or D surface areas and with transiting aircraft operating in proximity to terminal locations
When do local controllers provide preventive control service and who do they service?
Preventive control service only to aircraft operating in accordance with a letter of agreement
when is local controller responsible to report in regards to Preventive control? When would the controller intervene with the pilot?
issue advise or instructions, only if a situation that corrective action develops.
This would pertain to controller intervening when they observe a traffic conflict developing.
True or false? in preventive control, repetitious, routine approval of pilot action is eliminated
true
What is the process in maintaining positive coordination and control? If an aircraft wishes to cross the runway what must happen? What does this include? What is the correct phraseology?
Ground control must obtain approval from local control before authorizing an aircraft or vehicle to cross or use any portion of an active runway.
This coordination is must include point/intersection at the runway where the operation will occur.
Phraseology:” cross (runway) AT (point/intersection).”
What is the correct phraseology LC will use once they authorize another controller to cross the runway?
LC must verbally specify the runway to be crossed and the point/intersection at the runway where the operation will occur, by using the word “cross”.
What is mandatory to have in preventing runway incursions?
the use of memory aids, visual and/or aural
Who must advise when the runway coordinated operation is complete?
GC to LC
What if LC initiates the coordination?
LC can initiate the coordination. For example: Runway 28 right crossing observed. It is still the responsibility for GC to reply with runway 28 right crossing complete.
If there is need for authorization for traffic to proceed on an active runway, for purposes other then crossing, what is required?
This request must be made via direct communications on the LC frequency.
how can authorization be provided on the GC frequency?
Authorizations may be provided on the GC frequency after coordination with LC for those operations specifically described in a facility directive.
If a runway is not previously designated as active, who must coordinate first to gain authorization?
LC must coordinate with GC before using the runway
what are three type of coordination between LC and GC? Hint: exchange info, no visibility, diff type of communication
- LC and GC must exchange information as necessary for the safe and efficient use of airport runways and movement areas.
- When runways are not visible from the tower or on radar, LC must advise GC of the aircraft’s location before releasing the aircraft to the GC
frequency. - Coordination may be accomplished via verbal means, flight progress
strips, other written information, or automated displays.
What is the responsibility of GC and LC in relation to monitoring runways?
LC and GC continuously scan areas to ensure that the runway is free of all vehicles, equipment, and personnel before departing aircraft starts take off roll or landing aircraft crossed the runway threshold.
What would be the correct phraseology for aircraft. equipment, or personnel in direct communication with the control tower operating to the edge of the active runway?
Proceed as requested ( and if necessary, additional instructions or information).
When utilizing Certified Tower Radar Display (CTRD), you may issue traffic advisories to radar-identified aircraft by using standard radar phraseology that includes the following: hint: 4
- azimuth from aircraft in terms of 12- hour clock
When rapidly maneuvering aircraft , specify the direction from the aircraft position in reference to the eight direction compass (n,ne,e,se,s,sw,w,and nw) - distance from aircraft in miles
- direction in which traffic is proceeding and/or relative movement of traffic
- if known, type of aircraft and altitude
What is required for using CTRD?
CTRD can only be used with radar identified aircraft only and to be used by a radar-certified controller
What must be determined prior to issuing the taxi instructions or takeoff clearance?
Determine the aircraft position
How can the aircrafts position be determined?
visually by the controller, by pilots or through the use of ASDE
When can you not issue a line up and wait at an intersection? Hint: 3 things
- between sunset and sunrise unless restrictions are met
- at any time when an intersection is not visible from the tower
- when inbound aircraft has been cleared to land on the respective runway
When would you inform an aircraft of any observed abnormal aircraft condition?
when requested by the pilot or you deem it necessary
What would be the phraseology to inform an aircraft of abnormal aircraft condition?
item appears (observed condition)
in reference to surface area restrictions:
if traffic conditions permit, approve a pilots request to?
Hint :2 items
cross c or d surface areas
exceed airspace speed limit
in reference to surface area restrictions:
What two things would you not approve
do not approve speed in excess of 250kt unless the pilot informs you that a higher min speed is required for the performance of the aircraft.
do not approve a pilot’s request or ask a pilot to conduct unusual maneuvers if they are not essential to the performance of the flight
light signals: steady green green flashes steady red red flashes white flashes red and green
steady green- cleared for take off / cleared to land
green flashes - cleared to taxi / return for landing
steady red - stop. give way to other aircraft
red flashes- taxi clear of runway / airport unsafe
white flashes- return to starting point on airport
(ground only)
red and green- use extreme caution
When radio signal cannot be employed, what is the backup method. What is the purpose of this back up method?
ATC lights signals is a back method used to control aircraft and the movement of vehicles, equipment, and personnel on movement areas when radio communication cannot be employed
In the event that light gun signals are not effective, what other means of communication would you use?
relays by other aircraft/vehicles or broadcasting over the VORTAC
In reference to light signals and obtaining acknowledgment from a receiver-only equipped aircraft, what request would you make for fixed wing aircraft and helicopters?
fixed-wing aircraft
- between sunrise and sunset:
- move ailerons or rudders while on the ground
- rock wings while in flight
helicopters
-between sunset and sunrise
- while hovering, either turn the helicopter toward the
tower and flash the landing light or rock the tip-path
plane (rotor blade path)
-while in flight, either flash the landing light or rock
the tip-path plane.
-flash landing light or search light
what does tip-path plane mean?
refers to the movement of the main rotor blade, accomplished via moving the cyclic. movement of the tip-path plane is much like a fixed-wing aircraft rocking its wings
What is the standard direction of turns in the traffic pattern?
to the left
What is a nonstandard direction of turns?
to the right
When may left and right traffic pattern be permitted for use?
permitted to use for parallel runways
What are the pattern legs? hint:6
upwind- flight path parallel to the landing runway in the direction of landing
crosswind leg- flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its takeoff end
downwind leg- flight path parallel to the landing runway in the opposite direction of landing
base leg- flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its approach and extending from the downwind leg to the intersection of the extended runway centerline
final approach- flight path in the direction of landing along the extended runway centerline from the base leg to the runway
departure leg- flight path that begins after takeoff and continues straight ahead along the extended runway centerline
Regarding local procedures what do you need to issue prior to take off?
beacon code and appropriate departure frequency
When can you omit the departure control frequency?
when the pilot has been or will be assigned a departure procedure and the departure frequency is published on the DP
What is the proper phraseology for the departure frequency?
departure frequency (frequency, squawk (code).
what type of military aircraft do you request to change departure control frequency?
departing IFR military turpoprop/turbojet aircraft
where do you transmit urgent instructions?
departure frequency override
emergency frequency
After take off, What aircraft are you responsible to instruct to contact departure control about 1/2 mile beyond the runway end?
instruct civil aircraft, military transport, and cargo types to contact departure control
What do you not want to instruct to departing military turboprop/turbojet aircraft (except transport and cargo types)?
to make radio frequency or radar beacon changes before the aircraft reaches 2,500 feet above the surface.
In regards to nonapproach control towers that are not equipped with tower radar display, what authorization are they given for appropriate separation between consecutive departures?
How about departures and arrivals?
- based upon time or diverging courses
- the agreement has been approved by the area director of terminal operations
provided that further communication with the controller is not required, when is a departing IFR civil aircraft instructed to contact departure control?
1/2 mile beyond the runway edge
the LC position is in direct communication with the aircraft and ensures separation of aircraft
- in the designated airspace
- on the runways
