Local Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the action of local anesthetics?

A

suppress pain by blocking impulse conduction (block sodium channels) along axons (in all neurons they have access to)

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2
Q

what neurons are affected with local anesthetic?

A

only those located near site of administration

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3
Q

what neurons are blocked more frequently - myelinated or non-myelinated?

A

non-myelinated

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4
Q

what sensation is lost first?

A

pain

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5
Q

what other sensations are lost?

A

warmth, touch, and deep pressure

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6
Q

what is the advantage of using local anesthetic instead of general anesthetic?

A

pain can be suppressed without causing local generalized depression of the entire nervous system
- also less risks than general

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7
Q

what is methemoglobinemia?

A
  • blood disorder

- Hb modified so it cannot release oxygen to tissues

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8
Q

can methemoglobinemia be fatal??

A

yes

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9
Q

what is methemoglobinemia caused by?

A

topical benzocaine (not for kids under 2 years)

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10
Q

what is procaine?

A

an ester-type anesthetic

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11
Q

how is procaine given?

A

by injection

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12
Q

what is given with procaine to delay the absorption?

A

epinephrine

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13
Q

what does procaine increase the risk of?

A

allergy

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14
Q

what is lidocaine?

A

amide-type agents

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15
Q

what are the routes of lidocaine?

A

topical and parenteral

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16
Q

what can result from lidocaine?

A

cardiac and CNS toxicity

17
Q

what does lidocaine inactivate?

A

hepatic metabolism

18
Q

what can lidocaine treat?

A

dysrhythmias

19
Q

what is infiltration anesthesia?

A

directly into immediate area of Sx or manipulation

20
Q

what is nerve block anesthetic?

A
  • small dose of anesthetic injection into or near the nerves that supply the surgical field
21
Q

where is intravenous regional anesthetic get injected into?

A

distal vein in arm or leg

22
Q

how do you prevent intravenous regional anesthetic from entering the rest of the circulation from the limb?

A

tie a tourniquet to the limb

23
Q

what are ester type agents?

A

contain ester linkage in their structure

24
Q

where are ester like agents metabolized?

25
what is an example of an ester type agent?
procain (novocain)
26
what are amide type agents?
aminde linkage
27
what are amide type agents metabolized?
enzymes in the liver
28
what is an example or amide type agents?
lidocaine (xyloxaine)