Local Anesthetics Flashcards
True or False: Local Anesthetics are drugs that can be administered via IV?
True. Local anesthesia can also be administered via Topical, Infiltration, Epidural or subarachnoid.
Site of Action of General anesthesia?
CNS
Area affected of Local anesthesia?
Restricted areas
Adverse effect of Cocaine as topical anesthesia. Give at least 3
Tolerance
Abuse
Poisoning can occur with cocaine overuse
Hyperpyrexia
Anorexia
Topical anesthesia of nose, pharynx, and tracheobronchial tree.
Cocaine
Nerve block, Infiltrative & Spinal anesthesia.
Procaine
Spinal anesthesia and Topical anesthesia of mucous membrane?
Tetracaine
Adverse effect of tetracaine. Give at least 3
Feeling nervous or excited
Dizziness, Drowsiness, chills
Headache
Blurred vision
Nausea and Vomiting
Adverse effect of Procaine. Give the 3
Heartburn
Migraine
SLE ( Systemic Lupus Erythemathosus)
Infiltrative/ Spinal Anesthesia, Topical anesthesia of mucous membrane, Nerve block Anesthesia.
Lidocaine
Adverse effects of Lidocaine. Give at least 3
High blood pressure
Swelling or redness of skin
Constipation
Nausea and Vomiting
Confusion
Infiltrative, Regional, Spinal Anesthesia.
Prilocaine
Adverse effect of Prilocaine. Give the 2
Production of methemoglobinemia.
Shift to the left of the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin.
Local Anesthetia that is Infiltrative/ Regional nerve block anesthesia.
Mepivacaine
Adverse effect of Mepivacaine. Give at least 3
Drowsiness
Loss of bladder
Painful or difficult urination
Numbness
Blurred vision
Local anesthesia that is Regional nerve block anesthesia
Bupivacaine
Adverse effect of Bupivacaine. Give at least 3
Hypotension
Urinary retention
Heart block
Anxiety
Local anesthesia that is Topically applied for mucous membrane.
Dibucaine
Adverse effect of Dibucaine. Give at least 3
Seizure
Respiratory failure
Hypotension
Allergic reaction
Is the induction of the state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation of the entire body; Used during certain medical and surgical procedure.
General Anesthetics
2 Sub groups of General Anesthetics
Inhalation Anesthetics
Intravenous Anesthetics
They can be used for some procedures of shorter duration
Intravenous Anesthetics
Possesing general anesthetic properties that can be delivered via inhalation. Substance that are brought into the body via lungs and are distributed with the blood into the different tissues.
Inhalational Anesthetics
Inhalational anesthesia that is used as a treatment for Status Asthmaticus. Anesthesia that is Safe for children.
Halothane
Adverse effects of Halothane. Give at least 3
Hepatic necrosis
Nausea and Vomiting
Hypotension & Arrythmias
Respiratory arrest, Shivering
Inhalational anesthesia that is used to provide analgesia for vaginal delivery. Ventricular premature complexes.
Enflurane
Adverse effect of Enflurane. Give at least 3
Malignant Hyperthermia
Seizures
Hypotension
Arrythmias
Nausea and Vomiting
Mild, moderate, & Severe liver injury including hepatic failure
Used as a maintenance anesthesia in adults and children after receiving other anesthetics before or during surgery.
Desflurane
Adverse effect of Desflurane. Give at least 3
Congestion
Tightness in chest
Trouble breathing
Cough
Dryness or soreness of throat
Fever
Hoarseness
Inhalational anesthetics that is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia
Isoflurane
Adverse effects of Isoflurane. Give at least 3
Produces significant respiratory depression
Cardiac output may increase (due to hypercapnia)
Fall in arterial BP
Inhalational anesthetics that is Used as supplement to more potent anesthetic agent; Used as a single agent for partial sedation most common in pediatric (dentistry); Most powerful analgesic anesthesia and used for outpatient dental procedure.
Nitrous Oxide
Adverse effects of Nitrous Oxide. Give at least 3
Diffusion
Hypoxia
Leukopenia
Nausea and Vomiting
Infarction of Vit. B 12
Can enlarge the volume of air embolic
Inhalational anesthetic that depresses the myocardium and increases tracheobronchial secretions.
Diethyl Ether
Adverse effects of Diethyl Ether. Give the 3
Nausea
Toxicity to the organs
Death
3 Classifications of Intravenous Anesthetics
Neuroleptanesthetics
Dissociative anesthesia
Pre anesthetic Medication
2 Neuroleptanesthetics drugs that is used to manage moderate to severe pain; Used to reduce N&V caused by surgery or other medical procedure.
Fentanyl & Droperidol
Adverse effects of Fentanyl and Droperidol. Give the 2
Confusion and mental depression
Respiratory depression
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used as inducing anesthesia before surgery or certain procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation.
Ketamine
Adverse effects of Ketamine. Give the 2
Loss of appetite
Nausea and Vomiting
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that causes drowsiness & sleep before surgery or other medical procedure.
Barbiturate (Thiopental)
Adverse effects of Barbiturates. Give the 3
Respiratory and Myocardial Depression
Cardiac arrythmias
Prolonged somnolence and recovery
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used for adults before an uncomfortable procedure to relax and reduce awareness but not cause deep sleep.
Propofol
Adverse effects of Propofol. Give the 3
Light headed feeling
Mild itching or rash
Fast or slow heart rate (Tachycardia/ Bradycardia)
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is Given to produce amnesia so that the patient will not remember any discomfort or undesirable effects that may occur after a surgery or procedure.
Midazolam
Adverse effects of Midazolam. Give at least 3
Headache
Nausea and Vomiting
Cough
Drowsiness
Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used for induction of general anesthesia & sedation for short procedure such as reduction of dislocated joint, tracheal intubation and cardioversion. Hypnotic agent.
Etomidate
Adverse effects of Etomidate. Give the 3
Arrythmias
Hypotension
Nausea and Vomiting
Pre anesthetic medication that produces less post operative. Causes Nausea and Vomiting.
Barbiturates (Secobarbital/ Pentobarbital)
Adverse effects of Pentobarbital and Secobarbital. Give at least 3
Dizziness and Nausea
Lightheadedness
Sedation & Headache
Abdominal pain
Pre anesthetic drug that is used to treat moderate to severe pain that may not respond well to other pain medications.
Opioids ( Morphine)
Adverse effects of Morphine. Give at least 3
Constipation
Nausea and Vomiting
Decrease Sexual interest
Drowsiness and respiratory depression
Pre anesthetic medication that is used to agitation in certain patients, severe nausea and Vomiting, severe hiccups, moderate to severe pain in some hospitalized patients.
Phenothiazines
Adverse effects of Phenothiazines. Give at least 3
Drowsiness
Dizziness
Headache
Low blood pressure
Trembling of the hands and fingers
Pre anesthetic medication helps to prevent & treat CNS stimulation caused by local anesthetics and provide amnesia. Can provide preoperative sedation.
Tranquilizers ( Diazepam)
Adverse effects of Diazepam. Give at least 3
You may feel as though you are floating
May become confused
Difficulty in concentrating
Increased anxiety, restlessness or depression
Pre anesthetic medication used routinely to decrease the flow of saliva.
Anticholinergic agents ( Atropine & Scopolamine)
Adverse effects of Anticholinergic agents (Scopolamine & Atropine). Give at least 3
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Hallucinations
Constipation
Drowsiness
Sedation
Are drugs which upon topical application or local injection cause reversible loss of sensory perception, especially of pain in a localized area of the body.
Local Anesthetics
Preferential use of Local anesthesia
Minor surgery
