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PCHEM2 > Local Anesthetics > Flashcards

Local Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Local Anesthetics are drugs that can be administered via IV?

A

True. Local anesthesia can also be administered via Topical, Infiltration, Epidural or subarachnoid.

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2
Q

Site of Action of General anesthesia?

A

CNS

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3
Q

Area affected of Local anesthesia?

A

Restricted areas

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4
Q

Adverse effect of Cocaine as topical anesthesia. Give at least 3

A

Tolerance
Abuse
Poisoning can occur with cocaine overuse
Hyperpyrexia
Anorexia

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5
Q

Topical anesthesia of nose, pharynx, and tracheobronchial tree.

A

Cocaine

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6
Q

Nerve block, Infiltrative & Spinal anesthesia.

A

Procaine

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7
Q

Spinal anesthesia and Topical anesthesia of mucous membrane?

A

Tetracaine

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8
Q

Adverse effect of tetracaine. Give at least 3

A

Feeling nervous or excited
Dizziness, Drowsiness, chills
Headache
Blurred vision
Nausea and Vomiting

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9
Q

Adverse effect of Procaine. Give the 3

A

Heartburn
Migraine
SLE ( Systemic Lupus Erythemathosus)

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10
Q

Infiltrative/ Spinal Anesthesia, Topical anesthesia of mucous membrane, Nerve block Anesthesia.

A

Lidocaine

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Lidocaine. Give at least 3

A

High blood pressure
Swelling or redness of skin
Constipation
Nausea and Vomiting
Confusion

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12
Q

Infiltrative, Regional, Spinal Anesthesia.

A

Prilocaine

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13
Q

Adverse effect of Prilocaine. Give the 2

A

Production of methemoglobinemia.
Shift to the left of the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin.

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14
Q

Local Anesthetia that is Infiltrative/ Regional nerve block anesthesia.

A

Mepivacaine

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15
Q

Adverse effect of Mepivacaine. Give at least 3

A

Drowsiness
Loss of bladder
Painful or difficult urination
Numbness
Blurred vision

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16
Q

Local anesthesia that is Regional nerve block anesthesia

A

Bupivacaine

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17
Q

Adverse effect of Bupivacaine. Give at least 3

A

Hypotension
Urinary retention
Heart block
Anxiety

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18
Q

Local anesthesia that is Topically applied for mucous membrane.

A

Dibucaine

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19
Q

Adverse effect of Dibucaine. Give at least 3

A

Seizure
Respiratory failure
Hypotension
Allergic reaction

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20
Q

Is the induction of the state of unconsciousness with the absence of pain sensation of the entire body; Used during certain medical and surgical procedure.

A

General Anesthetics

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21
Q

2 Sub groups of General Anesthetics

A

Inhalation Anesthetics
Intravenous Anesthetics

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22
Q

They can be used for some procedures of shorter duration

A

Intravenous Anesthetics

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23
Q

Possesing general anesthetic properties that can be delivered via inhalation. Substance that are brought into the body via lungs and are distributed with the blood into the different tissues.

A

Inhalational Anesthetics

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24
Q

Inhalational anesthesia that is used as a treatment for Status Asthmaticus. Anesthesia that is Safe for children.

A

Halothane

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25
Q

Adverse effects of Halothane. Give at least 3

A

Hepatic necrosis
Nausea and Vomiting
Hypotension & Arrythmias
Respiratory arrest, Shivering

26
Q

Inhalational anesthesia that is used to provide analgesia for vaginal delivery. Ventricular premature complexes.

A

Enflurane

27
Q

Adverse effect of Enflurane. Give at least 3

A

Malignant Hyperthermia
Seizures
Hypotension
Arrythmias
Nausea and Vomiting
Mild, moderate, & Severe liver injury including hepatic failure

28
Q

Used as a maintenance anesthesia in adults and children after receiving other anesthetics before or during surgery.

A

Desflurane

29
Q

Adverse effect of Desflurane. Give at least 3

A

Congestion
Tightness in chest
Trouble breathing
Cough
Dryness or soreness of throat
Fever
Hoarseness

30
Q

Inhalational anesthetics that is used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

A

Isoflurane

31
Q

Adverse effects of Isoflurane. Give at least 3

A

Produces significant respiratory depression
Cardiac output may increase (due to hypercapnia)
Fall in arterial BP

32
Q

Inhalational anesthetics that is Used as supplement to more potent anesthetic agent; Used as a single agent for partial sedation most common in pediatric (dentistry); Most powerful analgesic anesthesia and used for outpatient dental procedure.

A

Nitrous Oxide

33
Q

Adverse effects of Nitrous Oxide. Give at least 3

A

Diffusion
Hypoxia
Leukopenia
Nausea and Vomiting
Infarction of Vit. B 12
Can enlarge the volume of air embolic

34
Q

Inhalational anesthetic that depresses the myocardium and increases tracheobronchial secretions.

A

Diethyl Ether

35
Q

Adverse effects of Diethyl Ether. Give the 3

A

Nausea
Toxicity to the organs
Death

36
Q

3 Classifications of Intravenous Anesthetics

A

Neuroleptanesthetics
Dissociative anesthesia
Pre anesthetic Medication

37
Q

2 Neuroleptanesthetics drugs that is used to manage moderate to severe pain; Used to reduce N&V caused by surgery or other medical procedure.

A

Fentanyl & Droperidol

38
Q

Adverse effects of Fentanyl and Droperidol. Give the 2

A

Confusion and mental depression
Respiratory depression

39
Q

Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used as inducing anesthesia before surgery or certain procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation.

A

Ketamine

40
Q

Adverse effects of Ketamine. Give the 2

A

Loss of appetite
Nausea and Vomiting

41
Q

Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that causes drowsiness & sleep before surgery or other medical procedure.

A

Barbiturate (Thiopental)

42
Q

Adverse effects of Barbiturates. Give the 3

A

Respiratory and Myocardial Depression
Cardiac arrythmias
Prolonged somnolence and recovery

43
Q

Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used for adults before an uncomfortable procedure to relax and reduce awareness but not cause deep sleep.

A

Propofol

44
Q

Adverse effects of Propofol. Give the 3

A

Light headed feeling
Mild itching or rash
Fast or slow heart rate (Tachycardia/ Bradycardia)

45
Q

Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is Given to produce amnesia so that the patient will not remember any discomfort or undesirable effects that may occur after a surgery or procedure.

A

Midazolam

46
Q

Adverse effects of Midazolam. Give at least 3

A

Headache
Nausea and Vomiting
Cough
Drowsiness

47
Q

Drug under Dissociative anesthesia that is used for induction of general anesthesia & sedation for short procedure such as reduction of dislocated joint, tracheal intubation and cardioversion. Hypnotic agent.

A

Etomidate

48
Q

Adverse effects of Etomidate. Give the 3

A

Arrythmias
Hypotension
Nausea and Vomiting

49
Q

Pre anesthetic medication that produces less post operative. Causes Nausea and Vomiting.

A

Barbiturates (Secobarbital/ Pentobarbital)

50
Q

Adverse effects of Pentobarbital and Secobarbital. Give at least 3

A

Dizziness and Nausea
Lightheadedness
Sedation & Headache
Abdominal pain

51
Q

Pre anesthetic drug that is used to treat moderate to severe pain that may not respond well to other pain medications.

A

Opioids ( Morphine)

52
Q

Adverse effects of Morphine. Give at least 3

A

Constipation
Nausea and Vomiting
Decrease Sexual interest
Drowsiness and respiratory depression

53
Q

Pre anesthetic medication that is used to agitation in certain patients, severe nausea and Vomiting, severe hiccups, moderate to severe pain in some hospitalized patients.

A

Phenothiazines

54
Q

Adverse effects of Phenothiazines. Give at least 3

A

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Headache
Low blood pressure
Trembling of the hands and fingers

55
Q

Pre anesthetic medication helps to prevent & treat CNS stimulation caused by local anesthetics and provide amnesia. Can provide preoperative sedation.

A

Tranquilizers ( Diazepam)

56
Q

Adverse effects of Diazepam. Give at least 3

A

You may feel as though you are floating
May become confused
Difficulty in concentrating
Increased anxiety, restlessness or depression

57
Q

Pre anesthetic medication used routinely to decrease the flow of saliva.

A

Anticholinergic agents ( Atropine & Scopolamine)

58
Q

Adverse effects of Anticholinergic agents (Scopolamine & Atropine). Give at least 3

A

Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Hallucinations
Constipation
Drowsiness
Sedation

59
Q

Are drugs which upon topical application or local injection cause reversible loss of sensory perception, especially of pain in a localized area of the body.

A

Local Anesthetics

60
Q

Preferential use of Local anesthesia

A

Minor surgery

PCHEM2 (2 decks)

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