local anesthetics

Question 0

How long should a patient wait to be heparinized post placement of an epidural?

Answer 0

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Question 1

what are these local anesthetics and their toxic doses?
B-L-E-M-P
TETRA-CO-PRO-CHLORO

Answer 1

AMIDES:
Bupivicaine 23
Lidocaine 47
Etidocaine 68
Mepivicaine 7
Prilocaine  ??

ESTERS:
Tetracaine ??
Cocaine 1.5
Procaine 7
Chloroprocaine 1114

Question 2

local anesthetics work on what channel in what states (2 states)?

Answer 2

work on Na+ channels in the CLOSED/INACTIVE state.

Question 3

A. What effect does a bupiv overdose have on the heart?

B. What signs & symptoms will be seen?

Answer 3

A. 1. Reduce duration of refractory period

2. Depress myocardial contractility
3. Depress myocardial conduction velocity
4. Slow spontaneous phase IV depolarization (automaticity)

B. 1. Bradycardia

 2. Hypotension
 3. Heart block
 4. Potential cardiac arrest