Local Aneasthetic Overview part 1 Flashcards
What are benefits of using LA (besides pain free procedures)
- Vasoconstrictors within LA cartridges aid for haemostatic control for both restorative and surgical procedures
What are some potential adverse effects of LA?
- System toxicity
- Allergy
- Trismus
- Occular complications
- Non-surgical paraesthesia
- Interactions with other drugs
- Methemoglobinemia
State the definition of pain
Definition: an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage
List the 6 key notes used to expand on the etymology of pain
- Pain is always a personal experience that is influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological and social factors
- Pain and nociception are different phenomena. Pain can not be inferred solely from activity in sensory neurona
- Through their life experiences individuals learn the concept of pain
- A persons report of an experience of pain should be respected
- Although pain usually serves an adaptive role, it may have adverse effects on function and social and psychological well-being
- Verbal description is one of several behaviours to express pain; inability to communicate does not mean that a human/animal is not in pain
What two main types of LA are there?
- Ester
2. Amide
What vasoconstrictors are used in LA?
- Adrenaline
2. Felypressin - do not give to pregnant skanks
What preservatives are used in LA
- Bisulphite
2. Propylparaben
describe infiltration techniques for LA
- LA solution deposited around terminal branches of nerves
- Used to anaesthetise soft tissues
-Used to produce pulpal anaesthesia where alveolar bone is thin
.Maxilla
.Lower anterior teeth
Describe blocking techniques for LA
•anaesthetic deposited beside nerve trunks
- abolishes sensation distal to site
- used to produce soft tissue anaesthesia
- used where bone too thick to allow infiltration (mandible)
What tissues should be anaesthetised for restoration of a tooth?
• dental pulp
- if matrix band/clamp/rubber dam used: may wish to anaesthetise soft tissues
- for haemostatic management in fixed prosthodontics work: soft tissue
What tissues need to be anaesthetised for extractions and surgical procedures?
What tissues need to be anaesthetised for scaling?
- Pulp, gingiva and surrounding soft tissue
- For scaling
- potentially gingivae or pulp and gingivae
What LA injection techniques must be used to anaesthetise:
Pulp
Buccal gingivae
Palatal gingivae
•pulp
- buccal infiltration
•buccal gingivae
- buccal infiltration
• palatal gingivae
- palatal injection
What techniques must be used to anaesthetise:
Dental pulp in lower molars, premolars, canines and incisors?
- Lower molars (and second premolar)
- inferior alveolar nerve block (IAN/IDB) - Lower premolars and canine
- mental (incisal) nerve block - Lower canine and incisors
- buccal/labial infiltration
What techniques must be used to anaesthetise:
Buccal gingivae of lower molars, premolars, canines and incisors?
- Lower molars and second premolar
- (long) buccal infiltration - Lower first premolar and canine
- long buccal infiltration or mental nerve block - Lower incisors and canines
- buccal/labial infiltration
What techniques must be used to anaesthetise:
Lingual gingivae in the mandibular arch?
- Secondary part of inferior alveolar nerve block if given (lingual nerve block)
•when giving inferior alveolar nerve block, retract needle approx 1mm and inject more LA to anaesthetise lingual soft tissues
- lingual infiltration
