Local Anaesthetic Flashcards
what is anaesthesia
controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness induced for medical purposes
what does general anaesthetic do
suppresses CNS, consciousness lost
What does sedation do
supresses CNS to lesser degree than general, inhibits anxiety and long-term memory
what is local anaesthetic
blocks transmission of nerve impulse
what type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve?
the trigeminal nerve is mainly sensory, with cell bodies forming the trigeminal ganglion in Meckel’s cavity in the middle cranial fossa
What type of nerve is the ophthalmic nerve (V1)?
The ophthalmic nerve (V1) is sensory.
what are ophthalmic nerve (V1) branches?
Its branches are the lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, and nasociliary nerve.
What type of nerve is the maxillary nerve (V2), and what are its associated ganglion and branches
The maxiallary nerve (v2) is sensory.
What are the maxillary nerve (V2) associated ganglion and branches?
It is associates with the sphenopalatine ganglion, and its branches include the nasopalatine nerve
greater and lesser palatine nerves
pharyngeal nerve
posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar nerves
Is the mandibular nerve sensory, motor, or mixed?
The mandibular nerve is mixed, with both sensory and motor components.
What are the branches of the anterior part of the mandibular nerve, and which are sensory or motor?
The anterior branch includes the sensory long buccal nerve and motor branches to the masseteric, deep temporal, and lateral pterygoid muscles.
What are the branches of the posterior part of the mandibular nerve, and which are sensory?
The posterior branch includes sensory branches: auriculotemporal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, and lingual nerve.
What branches arise from the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN)?
The inferior alveolar nerve gives rise to the mental nerve and the incisive nerve.
3 mandibular nerve blocks
ID block
Long buccal
Mental block
What does an ID block to
ID block anaesthetises lower molars, half of lip, half of tongue
where is an ID block placed and the borders
Placed pterygomandibular space
Borders
Medial/inferior = medial pterygoid
Lateral = ramus
Anterior = pterygomandibular raphe
Superior = lateral pterygoid
what does long buccal do?
Long buccal numbs soft tissue on buccal side in mandibular region
where is long buccal placed
Placed distobuccal of last molar in mucous membrane
what does mental block do?
Mental block numbs chin, lower lip, labial gingiva or premolars/anterior teeth
where is mental block places
Placed at base of buccal sulcus between 4/5
two maxiallry infiltrations
buccal
palatal
what nerves are maxillary buccal infiltrations affecting
Incisors/canines = anterior superior alveolar nerve
Premolars = middle superior alveolar nerve
Molars = posterior superior alveolar nerve
what nerve are maxillary palatal infiltrations affecting?
Incisors/canines = nasopalatine
Premolars/molars = greater palatine nerve
classifications of anaesthetics
ester
amide
examples of esters and about them
Ester = cocaine, procaine, ametocaine
Unstable in solution
Rapidly hydrolysed into PABA → hypersensitivity
examples of amides and about them
Amide = lidocaine, prilocaine, articaine
Stable in solution
Slowly metabolised
what is the mechanism of action of anaesthetic
- A cationic form of anaesthetic binds to Na+ preventing Na+ influx
- Inhibition of generation and conduction of neural action potential
11 ideal properties of anaesthetic
- Adequate shelf-life
- Potent
- Reliable
- Reversible
- Safe
- Sterile
- Non-irritant
- Compatible pH
- Adequate duration
- Rapid onset
- Penetrate mucous membrane
name 3 anaesthetic agents
lidocaine
articaine
prilocaine
