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Politics - Chapter 21 US Pressure Groups > Lobbying > Flashcards

Lobbying Flashcards

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1
Q

What are professional lobbyists?

A

-expensive lobbying firms
-pressure groups with sufficient financial resources use professional lobbying firms

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2
Q

Where are there lobbying firms located?

A

-clustered around ‘K-Street’
-Washington DC

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3
Q

What is ‘K-Street’?

A

-the ‘K-Street corridor of influence’

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4
Q

How much was spent on lobbying firms in 2019?

A

-over $3.47 billion spent on federal lobbying

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5
Q

What is an example of this?

A

-2019 company + business PGs lobbied gov regarding Trumps new trade deal with Mexico + Canada

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6
Q

What was his trade deal concerning?

A

-price controls on medical drugs
-which pharmaceutical companies opposed

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7
Q

What is the revolving door syndrome?

A

-lobbying firms hire lobbyists previously worked in executive branch or congress
-firms take advantage of ready made contacts

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8
Q

Why do they do this?

A

-former employees of federal agencies etc. often find good jobs as lobbyists capitalising on connections forged while in public service

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9
Q

What is an example of administrations being affected by the revolving door?

A

-Obama had 17% of his administration go through revolving door
-Biden only 2.33%

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10
Q

What is an example of a high profile revolver?

A

-Eugene Scalia
-Secretary of labor 2019

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11
Q

What did Scalia do?

A

-first worked for W.Bush before lobbying for US chamber of commerce
-represented companies like Chevron, Facebook and Goldman Sachs

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12
Q

How is the White House an access point? - 3

A

-lobbyists engage directly or indirectly with executive office
-incl. pres, senior advisors or executive agencies

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13
Q

What is a key part of the White House being an access point point?

A

-building relations with key White House officials, senior WH staff, advisors or pres
-to advocate their interests

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14
Q

What is an example of this?

A

-the 2009-10 ACA
-where PhRMA saw opportunity shape legislations as lobbyists worked close with key WH officials including senior advisor Emanuel the WH chief of staff

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15
Q

What does a white house chief of staff do?

A

-gatekeeper to pres - controls access to pres
-advisors to pres - strategic advice on policy
-manager of WH staff - oversees work of senior staff etc.

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16
Q

What did the PhRMA do to influence the act?

A

-agreed to support ACA publicly
-spent $80b over a decade to reduce prescription costs for seniors

17
Q

What was the impact of this?

A

-ACA enacted 2010 with provisions that reflected some PhRMA policies

18
Q

What is another access point for lobbyists?

A

-the Supreme Court

19
Q

How do pressure groups lobby the SC?

A

-through amicus briefs

20
Q

What are amicus briefs?

A

-set out specific evidence or research a PG hopes will influence justices of specific case

21
Q

How do they work?

A

-PGs submit info to court cases with hope of influencing outcome
-can involved lawyers write briefs on behalf as PGs don’t need to be directly involved

22
Q

What is an example of this?

A

-in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s health organisation 2022 that overturned Roe v Wade
-interest groups submitted briefs supporting or opposing the law

23
Q

What amicus briefs were submitted?

A

-pro-life America argued law wrongly decided
-US constitution doesn’t explicitly protect right to abortion + so state legislatures should overturn as unconstitutional

24
Q

How is lobbying good for democracy? - 4

A

-the first amendment states the right ‘to petition for redress of grievances’
-not explicitly stating lobbying but similar

25
Q

How does political pluralism reinforce this?

A

-right to induce politicians take account of broad range of ideas across society

26
Q

What is an example of this?

A

-americans united for life campaign - pro life
-planned parenthood - pro choice

27
Q

What’s the gov role in political pluralism?

A

-hear both sides - healthy for democracy
-PGs provide opportunities for participation e.g. in lobbying gov for range of interests

28
Q

How do insider and outsider groups for in to lobbying being good for democracy?

A

-insider = ties to gov
-outsider = encourage public pressure

29
Q

What do elitist perspectives say?

A

-the US has the ‘best democracy money can buy’

Politics - Chapter 21 US Pressure Groups (7 decks)

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