LO4 Revision Flashcards
Antimicrobial Drugs (4)
Amoxycillin
Cephalexin
Oxytetracycline
Interferon
Anti-inflammatorie Drugs (3)
Meloxicam
Carprofen
Prednisolone
Vaccines - types
Live attenuated vaccines
Killed vaccines
Anti-parasitic drugs (3)
Fenbendazole
Praziquantel
Fipronil
Cardiovascular/urinary drugs
Benazapril
Pimobendan
Frusemide
Spironolactone
Analgesics/anaesthetics (5)
Methadone
buprenorphine
Naloxone
Medetomidine
Atipamezole
Chemotherapeutic agent drugs (3)
Vincristine
Cyclophosphamide
Prednisolone
Digestive system drugs (3)
Maropitant
Apomorphine
Metoclopramide
AMOXYCILLIN
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Antibacterial drug - bacteriocidal only to cells in process of dividing
2) During cell division inhibits synthesis of cell wall, dividing cells fill with fluid and swell, rupture under pressure - killing them
3) Soft tissue infections and Urinary tract infections
cannot cross BBB
used with clavulanic acid to increase effects
NOT SUITABLE FOR SMALL HERBIVORES
CEPHALEXIN
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Antibacterial drug - bacteriocidal only to cells in process of dividing
2) During cell division inhibits synthesis of cell wall, dividing cells fill with fluid and swell, rupture under pressure - killing them
3) Treatment of soft tissue, skin, lung and urinary infections
OXYTETRACYCLINE
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Antibacterial - bacteriostatic drug as does not kill the bacteria but prevents growth, the animals own immune system then eliminates the bacteria
2) absorbed by bacteria and inihibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes thereby preventing multiplication and growth.
3) used to treat soft tissue and respiratory infections
in young anials it can stain enamel of teeth and my hinder fracture repair as chelates calcium
INTERFERON
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Antiviral drug
2) Stops replication of viral cells by destrayoing mRNA and inactivating translation of protiens - inhibots the systheis mechanisms in the infected cell
3) in dogs - used in parvovirus infection
in cats- FLV or FIV
Interferon should be used in conjuction to improve prognosis
MELOXICAM
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) NSAID, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic and has analgesic effects
2) Inhibits the synthesis of the enzymes that result in prostaglandin production. It is most selective to the enzymes responsible for inflammatory prostaglandins whihch reduces inflammation and potential damage to the GI tract and kidneys
3) Analgesic, acute and chronic inflammation - musculo-skeletal disorders, post op pain
liciences for use in dogs, cats and guinea pigs, vastly used off liciense for other pets
CARPROFEN
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) NSAID, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic and has analgesic effects
2) Inhibits the synthesis of the enzymes that result in prostaglandin production. It is most selective to the enzymes responsible for inflammatory prostaglandins whihch reduces inflammation and potential damage to the GI tract and kidneys
3) Analgesia, chronic inflammation and post op pain
PREDNISOLONE
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Glucocorticostertoid Anti-inflammatory drug
2) Absorbed slowly from the gut by passive diffusion and is metabolised slowly in the liver byhydrolysis. Has high affinity for receptors. Used at lowest does possible with close monitoring
3) Severe allergic rections - skin disease, neoplasia, asthma and immune-mediated disease
LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES
1) mode of action
2) advantages and disadvantages
1) contains modified live versions of pathogen of slightly different strain to that what causes disease, undergo limited replication in host but not enough to cause disease.
2) ADVANTAGES - exposure to fuller range of viral antigens if given a live vaccine so considered to produce a more robust and long lasting immune response than killed vaccines.
DISADVANTAGES - rare but is small possiblitly that live vaccines may cause some signs of disease in the recipient.
KILLED VACCINES
1) mode of action
2) advantages and disagvantages
1) chemically inactivated pathoogens which can’t reproduce but can still induce immune response.
contain an adjuvant - enchances the immune response by slowing release of the vaccine and attracting immune cells to the injection site.
2) ADVANTAGES - Safer as the agent cannot replicate and can often be given to pregnant and immunosuppressed animals
DISADVANTAGES - higher doses required to provoke an effective immune response vs a live vaccine
patient may have a reactivion to the adjuvant present in vaccine
FENBENDAZOLE
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) broad spectrum anthelmintic
2) binds to nematode (roundworm) tubulin, disrupting formation of organnelles and protiens and prevents energy metabolism - effectively starving to death.
3) commonly used in pregnanat bitches, puppies, kittens and rabbits. available in many forms, liquid, paste and tablets.
kills larvae and adult 9mature) roundworm varieties
effective agains some tapeworm species but not didlypidium canium
PRAZIQUANTEL
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Anthelmintic
2) Increase permeablity of the membranes of parasite cells causing paralysis of the worm, dislodging them from their site of action, allowing the body of host organism being able to eliminate it.
3) Combined with different drugs to broaden the spectrum of effect to include roundworm, hookworm, whipwirm and tapeworm.
FIPRONIL
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) synthetic insecticide
2) binds to parasite GABA receptors blocking glutamate chloride channels. GABA rceptros inhibit nervous impulses by removing inhibition to the nerve firing in the parasite causing death on contact
3) drug is safe in mammals as glutamate-gated chloride channels are not present
regarded as flea treatment, some effects on ticks and lice
BENAZAPRIL
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Cardiovascular/urinary drug - ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors
2) ACE inhibitors are vasodilators - cause veno and arteriodilation causing body to lose salt and water as they stop aldosterone sercretion.
This lowers blood pressure and reduces resistance in the vascular bad (afterload) - easier for heart to pump, protective effect on kidneys.
3) used in management of CHF - chronic heart failure alongside diuretics.
Kidney patients when protinuria is present.
PIMOBENDAN
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Cardiovascular present in licinced froms as an injectable or oral tablets/capsules.
2) A positive inotrope which increases the sensitivity of the myocardial myofilamintes to calcium increasing the force of cardiac contraction.
Also a vasodilator due to inhibiting the enzyme which acts on vascular smooth tissue
3) Used in manage,ent of congestive heart failure caused by MVD or DCM.
Combined with diuretics and ACE inhibitors, pimobendan can improve prognosis of some cardiac patients.
It is not licenced for cats
FRUSEMIDE
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Most commonly used diuretic, available in injectable or tablet formulations- urinary and cardiovascular drug
2) Loop diuretic - acts on ascending loop of Henle to inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and potassium. As Na and K are not rebasorbed then water does not follow them by osmosis and instead water, sodium and potassium are lost in the urine
3) Used to reduce oedema in cases of CHF or renal failure. Reduces BP in heart failure and manange hyperkalaemia as it encourages potassium loss.
can be given IV in cases of acute pulmonary oedema.
Requires monitoring as excess does can lead to dehydration and electorlyte imbalance.
SPIRONOLACTONE
1) what is it
2) mode of action
3) indications for use
1) Mild diuretic often used with frusemide, available in tablet form on its own or combined with benazapril
2) A potassium-sparing diuretic, it antagonises aldosterone, reducing sodium and water retention but does not promote potassium loss. Ie salt and water are lost in urine.
3) Reduces myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart disease.
