LO3 - Sterile Techniques Flashcards
Nosocomial infection vs community acquired infection time frame and where acquired
Nosocomial - After 48 hr hospital stay up to a year. From hospital procedure
Community acquired - within 48 hrs hospital stay, acquired outside the hospital
Nosocomial infection examples (5)
1- surgical site/wound infection 2- pneumonia (ventilator assoc) 3- Catheter induced 4- bloodstream infection 5- GI infection (c.diff, MRSA, VRE)
What is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in hospitals
C diff
Bacterium that can cause staph infection, pneumonia, infection and sepsis
MRSA
What bacteria naturally present in intestinal tract
VRE
Community acquired infections (5)
Common cold Influenza Norovirus Bacterial pneumonia Hepatitis C
Medical asepsis - what is it, what are examples (3)?
Inhibits growth and spread of pathogens
hand washing (BEST), PPE, cleaning equipment
What is surgical asepsis, what is the technique, when is it used?
Destroys pathogens (ABSENCE) and their SPORES
Sterile technique
Invasive procedure that involves penetration of body tissues
4 moments of hand hygiene
Before pt care
After blood, body fluid, secretion/excretion, contaminated items
Immediately after gloves
Between pt/pt contact
A sterile object out of vision is considered contaminated unless when (2)
Covered by sterile drape
Placed in closed room for short amount of time
T/f the edge of the sterile field / container is considered contaminated (1-inch rim)
True
Research on sterile tray staying sterile after being opened (2)
Covered trays not contaminated during testing period
30% of trays are contaminated at 30 minutes at 4 hours
When should we open a sterile tray
Just prior to a procedure
What is the first zone OR suite
Unrestricted - street clothes
What is the 2nd zone OR suite?
Semi-restricted zone -
cap, mask, scrubs, shoe covers
Area limited to authorized workers/pts
Storage area
What is the 3rd zone OR suite?
Restricted
Cap, mask, scrubs, shoe covers AND sterile applications
Area where sterile supplies are opened/procedure performed
What are the most common causes of contamination? (4)
Gloves
Microorganisms blown onto surgical site
Wet/damp sterile field
Instruments
High level disinfectant - what is it and examples
Kills microorganisms (not necessarily bacterial spores unless contact time high), used for short periods (10-30 min) used on medical devices
Formaldehyde, cidex, hydrogen peroxide
What is Intermediate level disinfectant used for & examples
Disinfect lab benches, housekeeping
70% ethyl alcohol Isopropyl alcohol Sami-cloth Bleach Pyrex ChloraPrep & soluPrep (skin)
What does intermediate level disinfectant kill that low level doesn’t
Tuberculosis
Low level disinfectant examples
Lysol
Pinesol
Providing iodine
what are the two main mechanisms to kill microorganisms? Give examples of each
Physical - heat/filtration/radiation/vibration/sunlight
Chemical - gas/liquid solutions
What is the most commonly used method of physical sterilization
Heat
What is used on materials that cannot withstand steam sterilization
Ethylene oxide (gas)
3 Examples of chemical solutions for sterilization
Alcohols
Aldehydes
Halogens
What do you do before opening a sterile pack (2)
Expiration date
Condition of pack
How to do the surgical scrub (3)
1- Pre-scrub wash - scrub up to elbow, water drip AWAY from hands
2- surgical scrub to elbow with nail pick & scrub brush
3- final surgical scrub with microbial soap, rinse hands towards elbow with hands up
Already have on cap, face mask, goggles and shoe covers - gown and gloves go on last
Sterile gowning - how
Hands in flaps on both sides, step away from sterile field so gown can open
Which hand gets inserted first with sterile gloving?
Dominant hand FIRST
Order of sterile procedure
Scrub up (gown/gloves last)
Skin prep
Sterile drape
Donning sequence
Gown
Mask
Goggles/face
Gloves
Taking off PPE order
Gloves
Goggles/face
Gown
Mask
