LO10

Question 1

Osteoblasts

Answer 1

Secrete bone matrix for bone formation,
mature into osteocytes

Question 2

Osteocytes

Answer 2

mature cells, support bone maintenance, lie in lacunae

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Answer 3

located in small pits of bone, multinuclear cells active in bone resorption

Question 4

red bone marrow

Answer 4

produces blood cells (hematopoiesis). Stem cells in your red bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cells) create red and white blood cells and platelets, all of which are components of your whole blood.

Question 5

three types of joints

Answer 5

Synarthrotic- immovable/fibrous Amphiarhrotic- limited motion
Diarthrotic- freely movable
 Ball and socket
 Hinge
 Saddle
 Condylar
 Pivot
 Gliding

Question 6

systemic affects of immobility

Answer 6

Metabolic
Endocrine metabolism, calcium resorption,
gastrointestinal function, negative nitrogen
balance
 Respiratory
Atelectasis, hypostatic pneumonia
 Cardiovascular
Orthostatic hypotension, thrombus, embolus,
pulmonary emboli, deep vein thrombosis (DV)
Musculoskeletal
Loss of endurance,
strength, and muscle
mass
Decreased stability and
balance, osteoporosis,
joint contracture
Urinary elimination
Urinary stasis,
urinary tract
infection,
urinary
retention
 Integumentary
Ischemia,
pressure ulcer

Question 7

how can immobility affect infants and kids

Answer 7

Prolonged immobility can delay gross motor skills, intellectual
development, or musculoskeletal development
May affect adolescent growth patterns and ability to gain
independence; social isolation can occur

Question 8

osteoarthritis

Answer 8

Begins in the third decade of life, peaks
between the fifth and sixth
 Affects more than 10% of Canadians
 By 40 years of age 90% of the
population will have degenerative joint
changes in wt bearing joints
Combination of cartilage degradation, bone stiffening, and
reactive inflammation of the synovium
 The smooth surface of cartilage becomes rough
 If the cartilage wears down completely, there is bone
rubbing on bone

Question 9

Viscosupplementation

Answer 9

they are hyaluronates, injected into the joint and supplement the synovial fluid to help osteoarthritis

Question 10

Osteoporosis

Answer 10

Most prevalent bone disease
More than 10 million Americans
affected
33.6 million have osteopenia (which
comes before osteoporosis)

Question 11

primary osteoarthritis

Answer 11

occurs in women after
menopause, not just a consequence of aging

Question 12

secondary osteoarthritis

Answer 12

result of medications or disease that affect bone metabolism

Question 13

pathophysiology

Answer 13

Reduced bone mass
 Deterioration of bone matrix
 Diminished bone architectural
strength
 Rate of bone resorption is greater
than rate of bone formation

Question 14

treatment

Answer 14

Calcium, vit D and bisphosphonates
(Fosamax, Actonel)
 Calcitonin (inhibits osteoclasts)

Question 15

fracture management

Answer 15

Percutaneous vertebroplasty
most who have these fractures are
asymptomatic