LO1 Flashcards
What is the basic structure of an atom composed of?
Subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons
The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons are found in shells surrounding the nucleus.
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in an atom of an element
It determines the identity of the element and is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
What does the atomic mass number represent?
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
It is also known as the nucleon number.
How many electrons can the first shell hold?
2 electrons
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second shell?
8 electrons
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Example: Carbon has three isotopes: 12C, 13C, and 14C.
Define nuclear notation.
The use of A Z X where A is the nucleon number, Z is the proton number, and X is the element symbol
What is the role of the strong nuclear force?
keeping the nuclei stable
This force is short-range and acts between nucleons.
What is the weak nuclear force responsible for?
The radioactive decay of atoms
An example of this is beta decay.
What does the Periodic Table represent?
An organization of elements based on atomic structure and increasing atomic number
What determines the group number of an element in the Periodic Table?
The number of outer shell electrons
What is ionic bonding?
Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
metal and non metal
Transferring electrons
achieves more stable formation
dot and cross
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion formed when a metal loses a valence electron
What is a covalent bond?
(shape and what do they do with the electrons)
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
sharing the atoms
dot and cross diagrams within the circle where shells overlap
What is a dative covalent bond?
A bond where one atom provides both electrons in the shared pair
Example: Ammonium ion (NH4+).
What happens during oxidation in terms of ionic equations?
Anions lose electrons to form neutral atoms or molecules
What is the trend in atomic radius across Periods 2 and 3?
The atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period
What is the trend in atomic radius down a group?
The atomic radius increases from top to bottom within a group
What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
What is a balanced ionic half equation?
An equation showing the charge balance of ions during electrolysis where both sides of the equation are equal
What is the maximum number of electrons in the third shell?
18 electrons
What are the groups in the Periodic Table characterized by?
The same number of outer electrons and similar chemical properties
What is the weighted mean mass of an atom compared to Carbon-12 called?
Atomic mass
What is the significance of the atomic number?
It defines the type of atom and its position in the Periodic Table
number of protons and electrons which is the same
What is a polar covalent bond?
A bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms due to differences in electronegativity
What charge is a cation
Positive
What charge is an Anion
Negative
what is a cation
a positively charged ion, that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis.
what charge is a cathode
Negative
what is an Anion
a negatively charged ion, that would be attracted to the anode in electrolysis.
what charge is an Anode
Positive
