LO1 Flashcards
1.1 : Information Holders
Who are the 7 information holders and what type of information do they hold?
- individuals: hold info on themselves e.g DOB, usernames
- businesses: hold info on employees, financial, customers
- educational institutes: hold info on students & staff, attendance etc
- governments: info on all citizens, such as earnings, tax, addresses
- charities: info on donors, financial from donors
- healthcare: info on patients, medical history, personal info
- communities: info on members, meetings & events
1.2 : Storage Types
What are the different storage types and evaluate them?
- Magnetic Storage : A read/write head moves above the disk platter and uses magnetic fields of the platter to read data. High capacity, relative quick access speed, Low durability and portability
- Solid State Drives : SSD’s have no moving parts, hence why they are quicker & faster. High capacity, durability, portability and access speed.
- Optical Storage : Uses a laser to project beams of light onto a spinning disc allowing it to read data from a CD, DVD. Low capacity, durability & portability. However high portability.
- Paper Storage : Includes written / printed documents, notes, forms. Environmentally damaging and recited physical protection. Low capacity, durability & access speed. However high portability.
1.3 : Access & Storage Devices
What are the 4 different devices and evaluate them?
Handheld devices:
Normally held in one hand and can be work on the body
- Small and light so is portable and easy to carry anywhere, don’t need to be plugged as they run in battery power
- HOWEVER can be easily lost & stolen, less powerful and battery life is short
Portable devices:
Easy to carry around in bags and hands
- Light and portable, more powerful than handheld. Runs on battery power
- HOWEVER can be easily stolen and less powerful than larger / fixed devices
Fixed Devices:
Designed to stay in one place
- Often powerful devices, large storage capacities and can also be upgraded, HOWEVER reliant on constant power source, large and hard to transport
Shared Devices:
Are designed to allow access from multiple users and devices
Often most powerful devices, available 24/7 and can be accessed by many users,
HOWEVER needs stable network connection, expensive to set up
1.4 : Internet connections
What are the 2 wired and
5 wireless connection methods and characteristics of a connection?
Wired :
- Fibre optic cables : very high bandwidth HOWEVER very expensive and more fragile
- Copper cables : More easy to bend and cheaper, HOWEVER lower bandwidth
Wireless :
- Bluetooth : short range communication between two devices
- 5G : a technology which allows for smartphones to connect to a network
- Satellite : uses point to multipoint communication by using satellites above the earths atmosphere to send radio waves back to earth
- Microwave : uses radio waves to send signals across a large area by using line of sight
Connection Characteristics :
- Latency : how long it takes to receive a message
- Strength : how consistent the network is
- Bandwidth : the amount of data that can be transferred at a time
- Contention : how many devices can use the network and the effect it has
1.5 : WWW Technologies
What is WWW and the three technologies?
WWW : World Wide Web
Internet : A global network of interconnected networks. Public Open access means anyone can request viewing a web resource. Most commonly used.
Intranet : An internal, private network. An organisation may host an internal website on an intranet so that only authorised users can access it.
Private closed access
Extranet : An internal private network but allows access from those outside it. Uses a username and password
Private shared access
1.6 Information Formats
What are the 8 different information formats?
Web Pages
- Static web pages : static webpages contain information that is pre-built and doesn’t change each time the page is refreshed. Can be changed by editor but will only be visible to them.
- Dynamic web pages : dynamic webpages contain information that is updated and can change. The information is personalised to each user.
Blogs : A written article about a particular topic. Blogs are used to share information with like minded individuals with the same beliefs and hobbies. Blogs can be in the form of videos, images and text.
HOWEVER can be time consuming to make and difficult to accumulate a customer base
Streamed Audio / Video:
Receiving audio and video in a continuous flow. Doesn’t require computer to download
HOWEVER requires an internet connection and high bandwidth so that it doesn’t run slow
Podcasts
Downloadable / streamable audio files on certain topics. Not usually live so can be edited and uploaded at different times
HOWEVER
takes time to record a podcast
Social Media:
websites and applications allowing for communications and sharing of info. large numbers of customers can be reached and increase online presence
HOWEVER
Negative posts can damage reputation
Trolls can purposely give bad reviews
HOWEVER
Email : Used to provide information to a a large amount of people instantly. Faster and cheaper than traditional letters, files can be attached to the email, HOWEVER, emails are prone to phishing attacks, emails can easily end up in spam folder and they also require an internet connection to receive and send.
Document Stores:
allows files to be stored in a file server e.g cloud storage. Files can be accessed anywhere at anytime
HOWEVER
requires an internet connection and can be expensive
RSS Feeds
Are web feeds that allow users to subscribe to get regular updates from it.
Pages do not need to be refreshed.
HOWEVER requires someone to maintain and update the site and requires a connection
1.7 & 1.8 Internet Pros & Cons
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the internet for both individuals and organisations?
Individuals
Advantages :
- easier to access information
- allows for video chats, instant messaging across the world
- 24/7 access to different services e.g shopping
Disadvantages :
- identity theft
- cyber bullying & trolling
- source of distraction
Organisations
Advantages :
- online services are 24/7
- files and documents can be sent around the world
- staff can use internet to communicate
Disadvantages :
- Reputation and controversies
- cost of maintaining internet services
- malicious attacks (hacks, blackmailing)
2.1 Information Styles
What are the information styles?
- Text
- Images
- Video
- Numerical
- Boolean
- Subtitles
- Audio
- Tactile Imagine
- Braille
2.2 Information Classification
What are the 10 information classifications?
Sensitive : Information that can’t be released to the public as it could harm the safety of an individual/ organisation
Non sensitive :
Information that can be released to the public with no negative consequences.
Public: information that can be shared with anyone, normally non sensitive
Private : information that can’t be shared with the public without permission.
Personal : information about an individual
Business : information about a business / organisation
Confidential : Private data that is more restricted than sensitive information.
Classified : Highly sensitive information and if leaked can be punished by law
Full Anonymised : Information where the data is completely unidentifiable.
Partially : where some of the information is identifiable.
2.3 Quality of Information
1) What are characteristics of information?
2) What are effects of good and bad information?
1) - Validity : information is correct and factual, not opinionated
- Bias : information is biased when one sided is only being argued for
- Reliability : information from a source that can be verified or has a reputable image
- Relevant : info has to be relevant to the required purpose
2) High quality info : Informed decisions with higher chances of success, can lead to better innovation and understanding
Low quality info : inaccurate information leads to not meeting customer needs and making them unhappy, loss of customer trusts / financial power
3) 1) Collection of data : data needs to be collected in order to analyse in further stages
2) Storage : data needs to be stored somewhere e.g databases
3) Retrieval : Data needs to accessed from the databases in order to further process it.
4) Manipulation : Data is finally manipulated with and is edited
5) Analysis : Data is finally analysed and patterns and trends are identified
2.4 Information Management
1) What is an MIS? List benefits and drawbacks
2) What is the 5 steps infront I’ll managing information
Managemnt Information System
An MIS is used to collect, store and analyse data. The system stores and analyses data so that the organisation can use it for their own personal needs
Benefits :
- can identify trends and patterns
- imrpoved decision making for the organisation
Drawbacks :
- costly to install as it needs to be set up with knowledgable technician
- employees need to be trained in order to use the system
2) 1) Collection of data : data needs to be collected in order to analyse in further stages
2) Storage : data needs to be stored somewhere e.g databases
3) Retrieval : Data needs to accessed from the databases in order to further process it.
4) Manipulation : Data is finally manipulated with and is edited
5) Analysis : Data is finally analysed and patterns and trends are identified
3.1 Data vs Information
Data : numerical, statistics, quantitative data that is analysed through charts and graphs.
Information : context and textual analysis of data
3.2 & 3.3 Categories of Information for Individuals and Organisations
1) What are the categories of information for individuals?
2) What are the categories of information for organisations?
1)
- Education and Training : revision textbooks, websites, handwritten tests / feedback
- Communication : texting, video calling across the world
- Planning : planning for future events
- Financial : creating spreadsheet if expenses, buying and shopping online
- Entertainment: watching movies, listening to podcasts
- Research : using online encyclopaedias and websites for school projects etc.
- Location dependant : finding local stores, restaurants and healthcare
2)
- Knowledge, Management and creation : managing the information of an organisation e.g sharing information across branches & storing data in databases
- MIS : a system that provides an overview of information, used as a central system all employees use e.g collecting and analysing data
- Financial Analysis : Analysing trends, what products are best selling to create an idea of consumer behaviour
- Contact Management : How the organisation and customers contact, e.g tracking appointments at a doctor surgery
- Internal & External Communication : the method used to send messages to stakeholders and staff e.g social media posts, private emails
- Big Data : any data that is too large that traditional software can’t deal with
- Marketing & Promoting : how the organisation promotes and markets themselves
- Decision Making : What the organisation chooses to do with the information they have
3.4 Data Analysis
What are the 8 stages of data analysis?
- Identify the need : Objectives and aims are set, what heyy what to find out by the end of the process
- Define the scope : Restrictions of the projects are defined. Budget, constraints, timescales.
- Identify potential sources: Find where information could be found ensuring it covers the objectives and is unbiased.
- Source and select info : Information is finally gathered from the potential sources in stage 3.
- Select most appropriate tools : data analysis tools are selected.
- Process and analyse data : Data has now been collected and inputted into software for analysis.
- Record and store info : Data has now been collected and analyses so it is stored in reports & databases
- Share results : The report is shared with stakeholders through emails or on a website.
3.5 Data analysis Tools
What are the 5 data analysis tools?
Tables : shows data in columns and rows, lets you easily filter and sort data. e.g spreadsheets and databases
Visualisation of data : charts / graph
Trends and patterns : heavily links to visualisation, line graphs to predict the future
Data cleaning : Removing outdated or inaccurate data.
Location mapping** : geographical data added to any analysis.
