LO1

Question 1

What is abuse

Answer 1

Working together to safeguard children defines it as:

“A form of maltreatment of a child. Somebody may abuse or neglect a child by inflicting harm, or failing to act to prevent harm be abused in a family or in an institution or community setting by those to them or, more rarely, by others. They may be abused by an adult or adults or another child or children”

Question 2

Actions on elder abuse

Answer 2

“ a single or repeated act or lack it appropriate actions occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person”

Question 3

Types of abuse: physical

Answer 3

• Form of abuse which involves hitting, shaking, throwing, poising, burning or scalding, drowning, suffocating or otherwise causing physical harm, misuse of medication, restraints or in appropriate physical sanctions
  to an child.
• Physical harm may also be caused when a parent or carer fabricates the symptoms of deliberately indicates, illness, illness as a child’

Question 4

types of abuse: sexual

Answer 4

• involves forcing or enticing a child or a young person to take part in sexual activities. and could involve high level of violence.
• the activities may involve physical contact including assault by penetration i.e rape or oral sex or non - penetration i.e. kissing, rubbing and touching outside of clothing.
• there maybe other non-contact activtes such as the producing of sexual images, encouraging children to act in sexually innaporpaite ways
• sexual abuse of adults include ‘rape and sexual assault or sexual act to which the adult has not consented or was pressured into consenting.

Question 5

Type of abuse: emotional / psychological

Answer 5

• the recurring mistreatment of a child i.e. causing a sever and persistent effects on the Childs emotional development. for example, conveying to the child that they are worthless or unloved or is valued as far as it only meets there needs. deliberately making fun of them and silencing them.
• emotional / psychological abuse includes ‘threats of harm and abatement, deprivation of contract, humiliation, blaming, controlling, intimidation, verbal abuse.

Question 6

types of abuse: Neglect

Answer 6

• the failure to met a child’s basic needs physiclogiclly / psychological needs this can result as a serious impairment of the child’s development’ it may involve failure to provide enough food, clothing and shelter.
• protects a child from physical and emotional harm / danger, ensure adequate supervision or ensure access to appropriate medical care or treatment.
• Negelct of adults “ignoring medical / physical care needs, failure to provide access to appropriate health, care and support or educational services, the withholding of the necessities of life , i.e. meds. adequate nutrition and heating.

Question 7

type of abuse: Financial

Answer 7

• form of abuse that includes, ‘ theft, fraud, exploration, coercion in relation to an adults financial affairs or arrangement, including in connection with wills, property, inheritance or financial transaction, or the misuse or misappropriation of property, possessions and benefits.

Question 8

types of abuse: Instiutional

Answer 8

a form of absue that includes; neglect and poor care practice within an institution or specific care setting like a hospital or a care home for example, the range from isolated incident to continuing ill-treatment

Question 9

Types of abuse: Bulling

Answer 9

• behaviour that is repeated, intended to hurt someone and often aimed at certain group, e.g. because of race, gender or sexual orientation.
• it can include physical assault, teasing, name calling, making threats and cyberbullying - bulling via mobile phone or online

Question 10

Types of abuse: Discrimination

Answer 10

• something that underline many forms of abuse and includes treating a person less favourably on.
• for example, grounds of race, gender and gender identity, disability, sexual orientation, religion and other forms of harassment, slurs or similar treatment.

Question 11

Type of abuse: Exploration / mate crime

Answer 11

form of abuse that occurs “either opportunistically or premeditate:” it involves ‘unfairly manipulating someone for profit or personal gain’ often when the abuser pretends to be their friend

Question 12

signs and symptoms of abuse: physical

Answer 12

signs to recognise:

• unexplained injuries that are the shape of the object
• finger marks, bruises, black eyes fractures, breaks, cuts, scare, scratches, bite or slap marks, burns and weight loss

symptoms to recognise:

• individual becoming anxious or fearful in particular in the presence of abuser:
• withdrawn, less confident, reluctant to undress infront of others

Question 13

Signs and symptoms of abuse: sexual abuse

Answer 13

signs:
- bruises, scratches, soreness, or bleeding around genitals and rectal area, incontinence, pregnancy, blood on clothing.

symptoms:
- individual becoming withdrawn
- anxious
- frustrated
- agressive + display inappropriate uninhibited sexual behaviour
- reluctant to undress

Question 14

signs and symptoms: emotional / psychological abuse

Answer 14

signs:

• avoiding making eye contact
• being fearful and anxious
• self - harming
• the individual telling you that they are not worthy and not able

Symptoms:

• individual display changes in eating and sleeping
• low self-esteem
• becoming withdrawn from people and situations
• having mood swings

Question 15

signs and symptoms: Neglect

Answer 15

signs:

• poor standards of care by others that do not meet the individual’s needs;
• poor personal hygiene,
• malnutrition
• dehydration
• self-neglect can include unexplained injuries to arms, face and body including bruises, scratches and cuts

symptoms:

• individual becoming more anxious, depressed, suicidal thoughts, withdrawn, losing interest in themselves and their values in life.

Question 16

signs and symptoms: Financial / material abuse

Answer 16

signs:

• unexplained lack of money or wish to spend money.
• sudden debts and unpaid bills, possessions disappearing, sudden changing of the individual will, ensuring powder of attorney obtained when individual is unable to consent

symptoms:

• individual’s becoming anxious over money and increasingly talking about inability to make payment and buy items

Question 17

signs and symptoms: Institutional abuse

Answer 17

signs:

• poor working practice and low standard of care and support, not enough staffing, withholding as well as lack of access to care, support, activities and visitors, failure to uphold individual’s rights to choice, privacy and dignity.

symptoms:

• individual becoming withdrawn, passive, frustrated, feeling isolated, social withdrawal, losing interest in themselves and others.

Question 18

signs and symptoms: Bullying

Answer 18

signs:
- unexplained physical injuries, asking for stealing money to give to a bully, self-harming that can include bruises, scratches and cuts

symptoms:

• individuals becoming fearful of going out and carrying out day-to-day activities, anxious, withdrawn, low self-esteem, changes in eating and sleeping, suicidal thoughts.

Question 19

signs and symptoms: Discrimination

Answer 19

signs:

• failure to respect and individual’s needs, exclusion from activities or services, a cold or intolerant attitude towards the individual.

symptoms:

• individuals becoming withdrawn from people and situations, anxious, withdrawn low self-esteem, frustrated

Question 20

signs and symptoms: exploration / mate crime

Answer 20

signs:

• unexplained physical injuries, bills not being payed losing weight

symptoms:

individuals becoming withdrawn from people and situations, low self-esteem, mood swing, changes in friends.