LMSW Exam Flashcards
Erickson’s Psychosocial Stages
Trust vs. Mistrust- Birth to 1.5, Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt-1.5 to 3 yrs, Initiative vs. Guilt-3-6, Industry vs. Inferiority 6-11, Identity vs Identity Diffusion-Adolescence, Intimacy vs Isolation-Early Adulthood, Generativity vs. Stagnation- Adulthood, Integrity vs. Despair-Later Adulthood
Piaget’s Stages of Development
Sensory-Motor Stage- Birth-2yrs, Pre-operational Stage-2-7yrs, Concrete Operational Stage 7-11, Formal Operational Stage 11-adolescence
Theorist behind psychoanalytic theory
Sigmund Freud
Early classical conditioning research
Pavlov
Theorist behind Social Learning Theory
Albert Bandura
According to Bandura self-regulation occurs through which three steps?
Self-observation, self-judgment, and self-response
Theorist behind Learned Helplessness
Martin Seligman
Theorist behind Object-Relations Theory
Margaret Mahler
What are Margaret Mahler’s 3 stages of development?
Autistic (newborn to one month), symbiosis (fusion with mother), and separation-individuation (differentiation, practicing motor skills, rapprochement, and constancy of self and object)
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Physiological, Safety, Belonging, Self-esteem, Self-actualization
Theorist behind the importance of birth order
Alfred Adler
Freud’s 5 psychosexual stages of development
- Oral (birth to 2). 2. Anal (2 to 3). 3. Phallic (3 to 6) 4. Latency (6 to puberty) 5. Genital (puberty and older)
Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage of moral development/ moral reasoning
Pre-conventional level
• Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation
- Physical consequences determine what is good or bad
• Stage 2: Instrumental relativist orientation
- That which satisfies personal needs is good
Conventional level
• Stage 3: Interpersonal concordance (good boy/nice girl)
- What pleases or helps others is good
• Stage 4: Law and order orientation
- Maintain the social order
- Devotion to duty is good
Post-conventional level
• Stage 5: Social law contract
- Values agreed upon by society determine what is right
• Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation
- What is right is a matter of conscience in accord with universal principles
- Moral Level is assessed using the Heinz Story
Carol Gilligan’s Theory of Moral Development (she challenged Kohlberg)
Gilligan devised her own Three Stages of Female Moral Development:
The Selfish
Conventional Morality
Post-Conventional
Jane Loevinger’s Stage of Ego Development
Pre-social/Symbiotic
• Lack of recognition of difference between self and nonself
• Mother becomes different from environment
Impulsive
• Difference between self and Mother
• Implosive, exploitive and dependent
• Fixation with sexual and aggressive drives
Opportunistic
• Child tries to manipulate and control others
• Follows rules and morality when it is conveniently advantageous to them
Conformist
• Child develops trust
• Becomes very self-conscious of their appearance, how others see them and their
personal possessions
• Rules are somewhat internalized
There is a major transition between the Conformist stage to the Conscientious stage.
Conscientious
• Child internalizes morality regulated by ethical imperatives
• Disobedience results in feelings of guilt
• Relationships with others are intense and accountable
• Internal feelings and success preoccupy their thoughts
Autonomous
• Constant thoughts about finding their own self-identity and self-fulfillment
• Maintaining independence in relationships
• Learns to deal with and accept personal conflicts, differences with others and
controlling impulses
Integrated
• Grandiose or unattainable ideas from childhood are replaced
• Appreciate individuality in personal relationships
• Reconciliation of conflicts
• Constant thoughts of attaining an integrated identity
Theorist behind Stages of Developmental Tasks
Robert Havighurst
Theorist behind Life Structure Theory
David Levinson
Person-centered Therapy
Carl Rogers
Gestalt Therapy
Fritz Perls- experiential therapy focusing on individuals experience in the here and now.
Transactional analysis
Eric Berne- evaluate past decisions in light of their present appropriateness
Rational-emotive Therapy
Albert Ellis- focuses on emotional and behavioral problems
Kubler-Ross’s 5 Stage of Grief
Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
Mental Status Exam includes:
- General Presentation 2. State of Consciousness 3. Speech 4. Mood and Affect 5. Orientation and Intellectual Ability 6. Attention and Concentration 7. Memory 8. Thought Processes and Concent 9. Hallucinatiation 10. Insight 11. Impulse Control
Ecosystems Theory
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Micro-system, meso-system, exo-system, macro-system, chrono-system
Five Axes
I-Clinical syndromes II- Developmental and Personalitiy Disorders III-Acute medical conditions and physical disorders IV-Psychosocial and Environmental Factors
V- GAF score
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Ages 6-18, noncompliant, belligerant behavior with authority figures, does not break social norms, persist a minimum of 6 months
Conduct Disorder
Childhood onset before age 10, breaks social norms (lying, stealing, truancy, harming others)
Encopresis
excreting feces in inappropriate places, not diagnosed until after age 4
Enuresis
urinating in inappropriate places, cannot be due to physiological disorder,
IQ scores for retardation
Below 20- Profoundly
20-35- Severely
35-50 Moderately
50-70-Mildly
OARS for MI
Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, and Summaries
Classical Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
Operant Conditioning
B.F. Skinner- using consequences to alter the form and frequency of behavior, focusing on modifying voluntary behavior. Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction.
Theorist behind CBT
Aaron Beck
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy uses the ABC Framework, What is it?
A-Activating Event B-Belief C-Consequent Effect D- Disputing of the irratonal belief E- Effect
Carl Jung’s personality aspects
Introversion/Extroversion
Sensing/Intuition
Thinking/Feeling
Judgment/Perception
Freud’s 3 psyches
ID: the primitive state and is involved with primitive desires
SUPEREGO: the conscience- made up of internalized societal morals and taboos
EGO: the mediation between the ID and SUPEREGO- the center of self or awareness
NEUROSIS: When the superego imposes guilt on the ego to limit the impulses of the Id
Theorist behind Analytic Therapy
Carl Jung-
Theorist behind Experiental Family Therapy
Carl Whitaker- believe the family problems in emotional suppression.
Theorist behind Conjoint Family Therapy
Virginia Satir- the problem at hand was not the real issue, the manner in which the person dealt with the issue that actually created the problem.
Theorist behind Narrative Family Theory
Michael White- the way people construct meaning rather than behave
Theorist behind Structural Family Therapy
Salvador Minuchin- divides family problems into those relationships within a family unit and those “subsystems” of the family
Primary idea behind Alfred Adler’s theory of psychology?
Encouragement. The importance of the feelings of self that arise from interactions and conflicts
Idea behind Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
Groups seek to replace member’s irrational, self-defeating beliefs with rational, self-enhancing ones.
Six Major Principles of IDEA (Individuals With Disabilities Education Act)
- Zero Reject
- Nondiscriminatory Evaluation
- Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
- Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
- Procedural Due Process
- Parent and Student Participation
Threats to internal validity
Maturation, Regression, and Experimental mortality
Four scales of measurement
Nominal- simply name data
Ordinal- ordered set- 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Interval- measurable, positive, linear (Celsius scale)
Ratio- measurement provides for an absolute zero
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean- the average
Median- the midpoint
Mode- the most frequent value
Validity and Reliability
Validity- refers to the instrument accurately measuring what it was designed to measure
Reliability- the level of consistency an instrument has in relation to the items measuring the target. Consistency, dependable, and repeatable
Types of validity
Concurrent- the measure used in a study is compared with another instrument presumed to measure the same variable. Is indicated by a higher correlation between results
Predictive- A measure used in a study is compared with a predicted future outcome.
Content- Analysis by those considered expert in the field studied of an instrument. The test has content validity if the experts judge it to be a good measure of what is being studied.
Construct- The degree to which a measure relates to other variables expected within a system of theoretical relationships.
Methods of assessing reliability
- Test/Retest
- Alternate form
- Internal consistency or split half method
- Inter-rater reliability
Standard deviation
Z score- 1.0
T Score 10
Correlation Coefficient
Examines the degree to which variations or differences in one variable are related to variations in another.
Null Hypothesis
The statement being tested
Type 1 Error
Type II Error
Type 1 Error- If the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternate is accept, but the Ho is true
Type II Error- If the Ho is accepted (H1 rejected) when in fact H1 is true
Bipolar I- requires one or more manic episode
Bipolar II- major depressive episodes with at least one hypomanic episode (less severe symptoms of mania)
Cyclothymic- chronic, fluctuating mood with many hypomanic and depressive symptoms- not as severe as bipolar
nada….
Dissociative disorders
Dissociative identity disorder- Two or more personalities exist within one person. Each personality is dominant at a particular time
Dissociative fugue- unexpected and sudden travel from home, assumption of a new identity and inability to recall previous identity
Dissociative amnesia- Inability to recall important personal data, more than forgetfulness. Is not due to organic causes and comes on suddenly
Personality Disorders page 52
Cluster A- Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal
Custer B- Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissitic
Cluster C- Avoidant, Dependent, OCD
Catharsis
The release of tension or anxiety through reliving and intentionally examining early life, repressed, or traumatic experiences.
Hartmann’s Ego Psychology
Alloplastic behavior- a form of adaptation in which an individual changes aspects of his environment in order to better accommodate competing needs or demands.
Autoplastic behavior- changing oneself or behavior to better accommodate competing needs or demands
Diagnositc “A”’s of Schizophrenia
Affect, Associations, Ambivalence, Autism
Record-keeping
Narrative Recording- consolidates and reports all information in an ongoing story form.
Process Recording- chronologically and systematically records client information.
Person- Oriented Recording- focuses on goals and is segmented into four section 1. factual information 2. assessment and treatment plan 3. Progress Notes 4. Progress Review Entries
Problem-Oriented- focuses largely on ongoing issues. Contains 1. Factual information 2. Checklist section providing a rank-order roster of client issues 3. A resolution plan 4. SOAP notes
Social Security
Number of credits needed for social security: 40. For those born before 1960, the retirement age is 65. For those born after 1960, 67.
Object Relations Theory
Posits that all individuals are born with a need to develop a sense of self, a sense of others, and to build interpersonal relationships. It theorizes that the sense of self and others will affect all subsequent personal relationship. Ego organization.
Splitting
a defense mechanism that serves to repress, disconnect, or dissociate feelings that seem dangerous to psychic well-being
Pavlovian Classical Conditioning are learned in response to a stimulus, voluntary and involtunary
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