LMSW Flashcards
group process
preaffiliation (forming) power & control (storming) intimacy (norming) differentiation (performing) separation/termination (adjourning)
freuds stages
oral anal phallic latent genital
maslow’s
physiological (d need) safety (d need) social (d need) esteem (d need) self-actualization (b need)
couple’s development
romance power struggle stability commitment co-creation
stages of change
Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Relapse
problem-solving process
engagement assessment planning treatment evaluation termination
community organizing
Orientation
Conflict
Engagement / Emergence
Reinforcement
crisis intervention steps
Assess lethality/establish safety Establish rapport Identify problems Deal with feelings Explore alternatives and new coping strategies Develop an action plan Follow-up
ethical problem solving - steps
DETERMINE whether there is an ethical issue or dilemma
IDENTIFY the main principles & values involved
RANK the main principles & values that are most relevant to the issue or dilemma
DEVELOP an action plan
IMPLEMENT the action plan
REFLECT on the outcome
erikson’s 8 psychosocial stages
B-1 Trust v Mistrust 1-3 Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt 3-6 Initiative v Guilt 6-12 Industry v Inferiority 12-18 Identity v Role Confusion EA Intimacy v Isolation MA Generativity v Stagnation LA Ego Integrity v Despair
grief & loss (kubler-ross)
Denial/isolation, Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
separation-individuation theory
Normal autistic
Normal symbiotic
Separation-individuation (hatching, practicing, rapprochement)
Object constancy
coming out
feeling different
confusion
self-acceptance
social settlements
linked to group practice
charity orgs
precursors of modern SW; scientific casework
3 domains of development
cognitive
affective
psychomotor
sensorimotor
0-2
Manipulating objects; begins intentional actions; imitative play; *object permanence; schemas (mental representation) of objects;
functional play - repeated motor movements
preoperational
2-7
Symbolic thinking; magical thinking; imaginary friends; thinking is concrete/irreversible; grammar; conservation; *egocentric
constructive play - building
concrete operational
7-11
Beginning of logical thought; understand cause/effect; reversible thinking; *logical thinking
formal operational
11+
*abstract thinking; hypothetical thinking
Propositional thought: evaluate the logic of propositions w/o real-world circumstances
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning: first form of reasoning in young adolescence
adolescence - personal fable = tendency to develop inflated opinion of own importance, believe others observing them
preconventional (kohlberg)
Stage 1: obedience/punishment
Stage 2: self-interest
conventional (kohlberg)
Stage 3: “good boy/girl”: acts to gain approval from others
Stage 4: authority & social order: obeys laws to maintain social system
postconventional (kohlberg)
Stage 5: social contract: genuine interest in welfare of others; concerned w/ being morally right
Stage 6: concern for larger issues of morality
operant conditioning - punishment
stops behavior
operant conditioning - reinforcement
increases behavior
operant behavior
voluntary, controlled by interaction w/ envroinment (conseuqences)
respondent behavior
involuntary, response to stimmulus
token economy
operant conditioning
client receives tokens as reinforcement for performing specified behaviors
biofeedback
behavioral theory
behavior training program that teaches how to control certain functions (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, & muscular tension)
often used for ADHD & Anxiety Disorders
flooding
prolonged real or imagined exposure to high intensity feared stimuli
in vivo desensitization
pairing & movement through a hierarchy of anxiety takes place in a “real” setting
systematic desensitization
anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with relaxation-producing response so that eventually an anxiety-producing stimulus produces a relaxation response
shaping
rain a new behavior by prompting & reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behavior
3-Stage Model for Adolescent Cultural & Ethnic Identity Development
Unexamined identity
Search for identity
Achievement of identity
Classic Model of Cultural, Racial, & Ethnic Identity Development
Pre-encounter: not consciously aware of culture/race/ethnicity & how it affects life
Encounter: has an
encounter (pos or neg) that provokes thought about identity
Immersion-Emersion: after encounter, confront identity; period of exploration through interaction within group
Internalization & Commitment: develop secure sense of identity; comfortable socializing both in & out of grp
self-esteem in childhood
young (high) v older (gain more accurate self-evaluation based on comparison/feedback)
self-esteem in adolescence
continues to decline from childhood (body image, puberty, etc.)
self-esteem in adulthood
increases gradually through adulthood; peaks in late 60s
self-esteem in older adulthood
declines; begins to drop around 70
couples dev - romance stage
courting/honeymoon; focus is attachment; symbiotic/mutualistic relationship; differences minimized
couples dev - power struggle
focus on differences rather than similarities; may need time apart; must learn to share power; accept partner without changing them
couples dev - stability
redirection away from partners & towards oneself; autonomy & individuality
practicing - live independently
rapprochement - reestablishing of intimacy
couples dev - commitment
embrace reality that both partners are human/good outweighs the bad; ideal time for marriage
couples dev - cocreation
consistency; mutual growth; often work on projects together (businesses, families, etc.)
early adolescence
thoughts on present (not future); deeper moral thinking; moodiness; privacy & independence; childish when stressed
middle adolescence
setting goals & thinking about meaning of life; changing bodies & worry about being “normal”; continued drive for independence
late adolescence
concern for future; can delay gratification; development of serious relationships; increased focus on cultural & ethnic identity
compensation
make up for deficiencies
conversion
repressed urge –> body fx
devaluation
attribute neg qualities to self or other
intellectualization
avoid emotions, focus on facts/logic
reaction formation
adopt opposite affect/behaviors
sublimation
turn maladaptive feelings into socially acceptable ones
substitution
replace unattainable goal with more attainable one
undoing
reverse unacceptable thoughts
dissociation
split mental functions so you can do bad things w/o responsibility
displacement
directing impulse towards less threatening person
introjection
loved/hated external objects absolved within self
isolation of affect
unacceptable impulse separated from memory
projectoin
attribute own feelings onto another
splitting
perceive as all good or all bad
turning
against self
deflect hostile aggression from another to self
stages of tx for substance abuse
stabilization
rehab
maintenance
group think
when a group makes faulty/irrational decisions because of group pressures
group polarization
discussion strengthens a dominant POV → shift to more extreme pos than indiv members’
cognitive dissonance
when a person has to choose between 2 contradictory attitudes/beliefs; state of conflict
Echolalia
repeating noises & phrases; associated w/ Catatonia, Autism, & Schizophrenia
metacommunication
the context within which to interpret the content of the message (i.e. nonverbal communication, body language, vocalization)
conscious awareness level (freud)
info that a client is paying attention to at any given time
preconscious (freud)
info outside of a client’s attention but readily available if needed
unconscious (freud)
thoughts, feelings, desires, & memories that clients are unaware of but influence them
id
instinctual
pleasure principle
unconscious
superego
moral
causes guilt
ego
manages, mediates
reality principle
ego strength
ability of the ego to deal with the demands of the id, the superego, and reality; helps maintain emotional stability & cope with internal & external stress
oral stage (freud)
b-12 mos
activities involving mouth
result of fixation: smoking, eating, dependence on others
anal stage (freud)
2
bowels
result of fixation: overly controlling anal retentive) or easily angered (anal expulsive)
phallic stage (freud)
3-6
genitals
guilt or anxiety about sex
elektra + oedipus complexes
latency stage (freud)
6-puberty
dormant sexuality
genital stage (freud)
puberty+
sexual urges return
individual psychology
Main motivations for human behavior = striving for perfection
self-psychology
Empathic responses from early caretakers (self-objects) = child’s needs are met & develops strong sense of self
help client develop self-cohesion
Mirroring
(self psych)
validates child’s sense of perfect self
Idealization
(self psych)
child borrows strength from others and identifies with someone more capable
Twinship
(self psych)
child needs an alter ego for sense of belonging
Normal Autism
(obj relations)
0-1mo
Infant detached & self-absorbed
Normal Symbiotic
(obj relations)
1-5mo
Infant aware of mom, but no sense of individuality; infant & mom are one
Separation /Individuation
hatching
(obj relations)
5-9mo
Infant begins to differentiate; alert & interested in world w/ mother as point of orientation
Separation /Individuation
practicing
(obj relations)
9-15mo
Infant can crawl, then walk; explores & becomes more distant from mom
Separation /Individuation
Rapprochement
(obj relations)
15-24mo
Toddler realizes they are far, and becomes close again to mom; becomes tentative, wants mom in sight
Object Constancy
(obj relations)
24-38mo
Child understands that mom is a separate identity
Indicators of sexual Abuse
Extreme changes in behavior: regression, sad affect, short attention span, poor hygiene fears & anxieties, withdrawal, sleep disturbances, recurrent nightmares
May show unusual interest in sexual matters or know sexual info inappropriate for age
Indicators of psych abuse/neglect
Avoid eye contact, have flat & superficial way of relating
Deep loneliness, anxiety, or despair
Little empathy towards others - bullying, disruptive, or aggressive behavior
Engage in self-harming and/or self-destructive behaviors
Indicators of physical abuse/neglect
Unexplained bruises, welts, burns, fractures to face, lacerations or abrasions
bio component of biopsychosocial
medical hx, developmental hx, substance abuse hx, family hx of illnesses, medications (NOT intellectual performance)
psycho component of biopsychosocial
past & present psychiatric illness or symptoms, past & present psychosocial stressors, mental status
social component of biopsychosocial
client systems & context; strengths, supports and/or resources; sexual identity concerns, personal history, family of origin history, abuse history, education, legal history, marital/relationship status/concerns, work history; spiritual beliefs/cultural traditions
mental status exam
“current state of mind”
Appearance, Orientation (awareness of time/place, etc.), Speech pattern, Affect/mood, Impulsive/potential for harm, Judgment/insight, Thought processes/reality testing, Intellectual functioning/memory
endogenous depression
caused by chemical imbalance
exogenous depression
caused by external events or stressors
signs of marijuana use
glassy/red eyes; loud talking; laughter then sleepiness; loss of interest/motivation; weight gain/loss
signs of cocaine use
dilated pupils; hyperactive; euphoria; irritability; anxiety; excessive talking followed by depression or excessive sleeping; long periods of time without eating/sleeping; thin/weight loss; dry mouth/nose; pale
cocaine withdrawal
depression, vomiting, fatigue
signs of heroin use
drowsy; euphoric; slow breathing; contracted pupils (no response to light), needle marks; sleeping at unusual times; sweating; vomiting; coughing, sniffling; twitching; loss of appetite
heroin withdrawal
bone pain, muscle spasms, anxiety, restlessness
signs of alcohol use
slurred speech, unsteady gait, coordination probs, staggering
alcohol withdrawal
slurring, seizures & tremors
Wernicke-Korsakoff
alcohol withdrawal - fatal - brain damage
signs of hallucinogen use
hallucinations, confusion, anxiety, suspicion
hallucinogen withdrawal
none
organic brain syndrome
Physical disorder that impair mental function
Symptoms: confusion, impairment of memory, judgment, intellectual function, agitation
Caused by alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Parkinson’s, stroke, etc.
ataxia
lack of muscle control during voluntary movements - can also affect speech, eye movement, swallowing
agnosia
inability to recongize fmiilari objects
apraxia
inability to perform particular purposive actions, as a result of brain damage.
acalculia
inability to perform simple math, typically resulting from disease/injury of the parietal lobe of brain
Prosopagnosia
inability to recognize familiar faces
WISC
most commonly used intelligence test
Beck Depression Inventory
assesses presence & degree of depression in adolescents & adults; assesses SI
MMPI
personality test (550 items) or assesses psychopathology
Myers-Briggs
elf-report inventory that classifies individuals along 4 dimensions
Stanford-Binet
intelligence scale for children and adults
projective tests
from psychoanalytic approach
uncover unconscious desires
TAT
&
Rorschach
Thematic Apperception Test
make up stories based on pictures of ambiguous scenes
Rorschach Inkblot Test:
used to assess perceptual reactions & other psychological functioning
Other Specified
specify why criteria not met
Unspecified
no specification
Intellectual Disability
(neurodev disorder)
deficit in f(x) AND failure to meet dev standards for independence & social responsibility
develop before 18
mild, moderate, severe IQ ranges
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Intelletual disabilites Communciation disorders ASD ADHD Specific learning disorder Tic disorder Motor (Tourette's)
Language disorder
low language capacity
Speech sound disorder
unintelligible speech
Childhood-onset fluency disorder
stuttering
Social (Pragmatic) Communication disroder
ulties in social use of verbal/nonverbal communication
Autism Spectrum Disorder
3 social deficits
- social-emotional reciprocity
- nonverbal communication
- developing/maintaining friendships
+ at least 2 restricted/repetitive behaviors and interests
- stereotyped, repetitive movement
- inflexible adherence to routine
- fixated interest
- hypersensitivity to sensory input
ADHD
at least 6 mos
appear beofre age 12
doesn’t need to be hyperactive
Specifid Learning diosrder
neesd to last at least 6 mos
reading, writing, math
Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder
Odd or eccentric or paranoid thinking, speaking, dressing
strange, outlandish, or paranoid beliefs - “magical thinking”
Delusional Disorder
At least 1 delusion for at least 1 month; function not impaired outside the delusion
Delusional disorder - Erotomanic
another person in love w/ me
Delusional disorder - grandiose
i’m the best
Delusional disorder - jealous
spouse unfaithful
Delusional disorder - persecutory type
everyones otu to get me
Delusional disorder - somatic type
bodily fx/sensations
Delusional disorder - mixed type
no predominant delusion
Delusional disorder - unspecified type
cant be determined/described by types
Brief psychotic disorder
0-1 mos
One or more: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior
Schizophreniform
<6 mos
Same as schizo
Schizophrenia
6+ months
Two or more: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech
PLUS disorganized or catatonic behavior
anhedonia
(schizo negative symptom)
loss of pleasure
avolition
(schizo negative symptom)
loss of motivation
Alogia
(schizo negative symptom)
diminihsed speech
Schizoaffective disorder
diagnostic criteria for depression/bipolar (manic epi) AND schizophrenia
Experience delusions/hallucinations for 2 wks+ when NOT having depressive or manic episode
mania
excessive energy, restlessness, risky behavior, euphoria, no sleep, racing thoughts/speech, grandiosity
Bipolar I
most severe
Mania (7 days+)
clinically significant impact on f(x) - hospitalization
Usually, depressive episodes occur as well, typically lasting at least 2 weeks.
Episodes of depression w/ mixed features (depression + manic symptoms @ same time) possible
Bipolar II
Hypomania (4 days+)
2 weeks of depression
No hospitalization
Cyclothymic
most mild
Periods of hypomania + depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years (1 year in children) at least half of time + constant for 2 months
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
irritability, anger, temper outbursts out of proportion and inconsistent with dev level
starts before age 10 (between 6 and 18)
New in DSM-5 - created in response to overdiagnosis of childhood bipolar
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
At least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
more episodic, often suicidal ideation
5+ depressive symptoms for at least 2 weeks
weight loss/gain; sluggishness; fatigue; trouble concentration; feeling worthless
Persistent Depressive Disorder
(previously dysthymia)
mild/low grade, long-lasting (at least 2 years - 1 for children)
separation anxiety
typically diagnosed in children (have it for 4 weeks) in adults (6 months)
selective mutism
(anxiety diosrder)
occurs in specific social situatoin
panic disorder
Panic Attack - at least 4 symptoms
+ at least 1: worry about having another attack; maladaptive behavior changes
agoraphobia
fear/avoidance of at least 2: public transit, open or enclosed spaces, lines/crowds, leaving house
GAD
at least 6 months
3 or more: restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentration, irritable, sleep disturb, muscle tension
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
obsessions (thoughts) and compulsions (behavior)
Body dysmorphic disorder
preoccupation with perceived deficit in experience not observable to others
repetitive behaviors or mental acts
Hoarding disorder
difficulty parting with possessions, perceived need to save items
results: accumulation to point of compromising intended use
Trichotillomania
hair pulling
Excoriation disorder
skin picking
Reactive Attachment Disorder
Infancy or early childhood
*hx of neglect
Disturbed and inappropriately developed attachments of behaviors
Child/infant will not turn to attachment figure for comfort, etc.
Inhibited, withdrawan
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder
Infancy or early childhood
*hx of neglect
Overly friendly, very talkative, not afraid of strangers
Will not look to caregivers for permission to approach strangers
PTSD
1+ month
Stressor + intrusion; avoidance; neg cognition/mood; hyperarousal
Acute distress disorder
PTSD but <1 mo
Adjustment Disorders
distress that is out of proportion to new stressor (happens <3 mos from onset of symptoms)
results in occupational or social impairment
Higher risk of suicide
Dissociative Identity Disorder
mulitple personalities
May feel the presence of 2+ people talking or living inside head
Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, important personal info, and/or traumatic events
Dissociative Amneisa
Can’t recall info about oneself or events and people in life
It may sometimes involve travel or confused wandering away from your life (dissociative fugue).
An episode of amnesia usually occurs suddenly and may last minutes, hours (rarely, mos/yrs)
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Ongoing or episodic sense of detachment or being outside oneself
Observing self from a distance as though watching a movie (depersonalization)
Environment (people, time, etc.) may seem unreal (derealization)
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Symptoms concern them and/or drive them to see doctors very frequently
Illness Anxiety Disorder
(hypochondria)
Excessive preoccupation and worry about the possibility of being/getting sick
Conversion Disorder
body manifestation of psychological stress (often loss of fx - sensory loss or paralysis)
Physical symptoms resemble those of a nervous system disorder
Factitious Disorder
(Munchausen)
Pretend to have symptoms for no apparent external reason
malingering – intentional for external incentive
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
“Extreme picky eating”, abnormally slow eating, lack of appetite
Anorexia Nervosa
food restriction resulting in low weight
distorted self perception, fear of weight gain
Bulimia
binge eating + purging
Binge-eating disorder
no purging
Purging disorder
no binging
Enuresis
elimination disorder after 4
bed wetting
Encopresis
elimination disorder ater 4
feces
hypersomnolence
sleep too much
parasomnia
sleep walking
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Patterns of anger/irritability, argumentative or defiant behavior, and/or vindictiveness
Not aggressive toward people/animals, doesn’t destroy property or show pattern of theft/deceit
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Explosive outbursts of anger (rage) that are disproportionate to the situation/stressor
Conduct Disorder
Repetitive & persistent pattern of behavior that violates basic rights of others
aggression to people/animals, destruction of property, violation of rules, deceitfulness/theft
***often seen as the precursor to antisocial PD (not diagnosed until 18)
Antisocial Personality Disorder
**After 18 (with onset before 15)
impulsive, irresponsible, unlawful behavior, aggressive, etc.
no remorse, amoral, lack of affect
Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders
alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogen, inhalant, opioid, sedative, stimulant, tobacco
^^ [substance] use disorder, [substance] intoxication and [substance] withdrawal → except caffeine just has intoxication + withdrawal
Removed legal issues
Added craving/urge
Neurocognitive disorder
Delirium (temporarily, reversible– caused by meds or dehydration or alcohol)
Rest are progressive and not reversible
Major or Mild - due to Alzheimer’s (most common), Parkinson’s, Traumatic Brain Injury, HIV, etc.
Personality Disorders - Cluster A
SPS.O
ODD
Schizoid
Paranoid
Schizotypal
Schizoid
Cluster A
Loner
Introverted, withdrawn, solitary, cold & distant; absorbed with own thoughts and feelings; fearful of closeness/intimacy with others
Paranoid
Cluster A
Extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others (tx: be supportive, not confronting)
Schizotypal
Cluster A
Odd or eccentric thinking, speaking, dressing
“magical thinking”
Cluster B
BNAH.D
Dramatic
borderline
narcisssistic
antisocial
histrionic
Borderline
Cluster B
instability, extremes
unstable interpersonal relationships, behavior, mood, & self-image; self-destructive
Narcissistic
Cluster B
grandiose, entitled, self-important
fantasies of infinite success
Antisocial
Cluster B
amorality & lack of affect
Histrionic
Cluster B
attention-seeking & seductive
emotional & provocative
melodramatic or “over the top”
Cluster C
AOD.A
ANXIOUS
avoidant
obsessive-compulsive
dependent
avoidant personality
Cluster C
hypersensitive to rejection, unwilling to become involved with others
avoidance of social events or work that involves interpersonal contact
obsessive-compulsive persoanlity
Cluster C
Unlike OCD, no obsessions (just compulsions)
Believe actions have aim/purpose and are rational (not distressed)
Dependent personality disorder
Cluster C
Dependent & submissive; rely on others to make personal decisions
Require excessive reassurance & advice
tardive dyskinesia
medication induced movement disorder
impaired nervous system; long term use of antipsychotics;
acute dystonia
medication induced movement disorder
abnormal positioning/postures, caused by antipsychotic, anti depression, antiemetic
akathisia
medication induced movement disorder
uncontrollable urges to move or walk; antipsychotics
SOAP
subjective
objective
assessment
plan
experimental resaerch
intervention groups, control, random; *rigorous/strongest
quasi-expeirmental
intervention groups, control, NOT random (used when randomization not feasible)
*waht we use
pre-experimental
intervention groups, NO control, NOT random; weakest
double blind two variable study:
pre-expeirmental
participants and researchers unaware of who gets intervention
Single subject
determines whether intervention has intended impact
singel case study
AB
compare behavior before (baseline; A)& after treatment (intervention; B)
flexible simple & low cost but small # participants = poor external validity
nominal variable
cateogry
ordinal variable
order
interval variable
time (no true 0)
ratio variable
ratio (true 0)
Standard deviation
34%; 95% within 2 SDs of the mean; 99.6% within 3
r-value
correlation coefficient – closer to 1 or -1, the stronger association is.
Interrater/Interobserver Reliability:
degree to which diff ppl give consistent estimates of same phenomenon
Test-Retest Reliability:
consistency of a single measure from one time to another
parallel forms reliability
consistency of results of diff versions of an assessment tool measuring same construct
internal consistency reliability
the degree to which diff test items of same construct produce similar results
internal validity
extent to which study establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between tx & outcome
external validity
how generalizable those inferences are to the general population
face validity
whether the measure appears to be assessing the intended construct
content validity
whether all of the relevant content domains are covered
criterion validity
correlates test results with another criterion of interest (i.e. used to predict future or current performance)
predictive validity
if test actually predicts what it is suppoed to predict
concurrent validity
: assesses whether constructs distinguish between groups
validity
degree to which what is being measured actually is what is claimed to be measured)
reliability
consistency
3 parts of treamtnet fidelity
treatmetn adherence
therapist compentence
tremtent differentiation
type 1 error
‘false positive’ – detecting an effect that isn’t actually present
type 2 error
‘false negative’ – failure to detect an effect that is actually present
precontemplation stage
client is unaware, unable, and/or unwilling to change; denial, ignorance of problem
contemplation stage
client is ambivalent/conflicted regarding behavior change → behaviors are unpredictable
preparation stage
experimenting with small changes, collecting information about change
action stage
taking direct action twoard achieivng goal
maintenace stage
maitning a new bheavior, avoidint temptation
relapse stage
feeling of furstration & failure
reflecting
adds emotion
confrontation
calling attention
reframing
: stating problem in different way so client can see different solutions
clarification
reformulate problem in client’s words to make sure on the same page
universalization
generalization/normalization of behavior
interpretation
pull together patterns to get new understanding
live modeling
watching a real person perform the desired behavior
symbolic modeling
filmed or videotaped models showing desired behavior (think: TV = symbol)
participant modeling
2-step process: models for client & then client tries (think: “now your turn”)
covert modeling
clients uses imagination to visualize a behavior as another describes the situation in detail (think: “cover your eyes”)
mastery model
shows no fear, competent from beginning of demonstration
coping model
initially fearful/incompetent, then gets better
solution-fcoused therapy
improve qulaity of life
coping
task-centerd therapy
SW & client work together to come to solution but work is done outside treatment
6 levels of congition
knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation
Gottman method
Couples therapy approach
Focuses on conflicting verbal communication in order to increase intimacy, respect, & affection
strategic family therapy
Examines family processes and functions, such as communication or problem-solving patterns
Brief, direct, task-centered
reduce symptoms through altering styles of feedback that maintain the problem
SW is more interested in creating change in behavior than change in understanding
1st order changes
superfiical, dont change structure
2nd order changes
to systematic interactoin pattenrs
pretned tehcnique
family rolpeays idff behvioral strateiges
relabeling
change preception by changing language
paradoxical directive
prescribe problem so client can grasp behavior’s signficiance
structural family therapy
Looks at family relationships, behaviors, and patterns as they are exhibited within the therapy session in order to evaluate the structure of the family
disengaged families more likely to form coalitions than enmeshed families
Enactments
bowenian
Society like family
Focus on clear communication instead of double bind
Not seeking symptom reduction
Identifying multigenerational behavioral patterns (generational transmission of issues)
Genogram
differentiation
(bowenian)
the more differentiated, the more client can be an individual
emotioanl fusion
(bowenian)
tendency for family members to share an emotional response
emotional triangle
(bowenian)
network of relationships among three people
primary prevention strategy
prevention
protect people from developing a disease/injury in the first place
secondary prevention
short-term mitigation after disease, injury, or illness
deal with short-term consequences, slow the progression or limit the long-term impacts
tertiary prevention
: long-term efforts; managing more complicated, long-term diseases, injuries, or illnesses; prevent further deterioration & maximize quality of life
cooptation
strategy used to influence social policy as leaders will try to quiet dissention or disturbances
deal with immediate grievances, channel dissenters into less disruptive activities; offer incentives
coercive power
power form control/punishment
reward power
power from control of rwards
expert power
power from superior ability or knwoledge
referent power
power from having charisma or identification with others who have power
legitimate power
power from having legitimate authority
informational power
power from having info
Locality development
work with community/neighborhood to solve common problem at local level
SW as enabler / empowerer / broker / mediator CONSENSUS, HOMOGENEOUS
Social planning
plan/develop programs to solve issues / researching problem
SW as expert - gather data and facts RATIONAL PROBLEM SOLVING, TECHNICAL METHODS
social action
help disadvantaged people in community
SW as activist and advocate - takes action & confront on their behalf
social reform
change social policy, form + bring coalitions together
SW as organizer - joining groups together to take joint action towards specific goals
steps to community organizing
identify key leaders assess needs identify goals and objectives action plan recruit support mobilize resources
steps to soical policy analysis
verify, define, detail problem establish evaluation criteria identify alternative policies evaluate alternative policis distinguish between alternative policies monitor implemented policy
Classical Organizational Theories
(tough, authoritarian)
scientific management (theory x)
weber’s
adminsitrative
Scientific management-theoryX
classical
: finding the ‘one’ best way to perform each task; closely supervising workers & controlling behavior (w/ reward/punishment)
Weber’s bureaucratic
classical
need for hierarchical structure of power to ensure stability & uniformity
adminsitrative theory
classical
universal set of management principles to apply to all organizations
Neoclassical theories
human relations theory (theory y)
human relations theory (theory y)
reaction to classical theory; genuine concern for human needs; importance of cohesive work groups, participatory leadership, & open communication
Modern Organizational Approaches
systems
sociotechnical
contingency/situational
systems approach (orgs)
modern
org. as a system composed of a set of interrelated, mutually dependent subsystems
sociotechnial approach
modern
org. as composed of a social system, technical system & its environment
Contingency/Situational Approach
modern
org. systems are interrelated with their environment & different environments require different org. systems for effectiveness
Acquisition
gathering of human, material, & economic resources
allocation
distribution of resources internally (i.e. to specific depts) or externally (i.e. contracting consultants)
components of supervision
administrative
educational
supportive
Cost-Benefit Analysis
(program eval)
financial costs of operating a program vs the fiscal benefits of its outcomes
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis:
(program eval)
benefits that are not measured in monetary terms (illnesses prevented,lives saved)
outcome assessment
(program eval)
the process of determining whether a program has achieved its intended goals
Stages of program eval
Engage Stakeholders Describe program design Focus evaluation design Gather evidence Justify conclusions Use and share lesson learned
steps in ethical problem solving
DETERMINE whether there is an ethical issue or dilemma
IDENTIFY the main principles & values involved
RANK (weigh) the main principles & values that are most relevant to the issue or dilemma
DEVELOP an action plan (suggest modifications)
IMPLEMENT the action plan
REFLECT on the outcome / monitor for new ethical issues
advance directives
legal written agreements that will be honored when people can no longer communicate their wishe
includes living wills (client’s preference for medical care) +/or power of attorney (clients designate other people to make healthcare decisions on their behalf)
advocate
champion rights of others with goal of empowerment; speak on behalf of clients
case mgr
oordination of services that includes planning, facilitating, advocating
broker
identify, locate, & link client systems to resources; negotiate the terms of service delivery
change agent
part of a group or org to improve/restructure service provision; uses problem-solving model
counselor
goal of improving social functioning; help clients articulate needs, clarify their problems, apply strategies, etc.; empower clients by affirming personal strengths & capacities
mediator
when dispute resolution is needed; intervene in disputes between parties to help them find compromises, etc.; takes neutral stance
burnout
physical, emotional, psychological, and/or spiritual exhaustion re: not seeing change in clients
manifests in cynicism or lack of satisfaction; develops over time
secondary trauma
empathic over-identification w/ clients’ traumatic experiences + physical symptoms
symptoms mirror those experienced by the primary victim; occurs more immediately
compassion fatigue
combines secondary trauma and burnout + frustration w/ bureaucracy
overall emotional & physical fatigue due to the use of empathy when treating clients
develops over time
ativan
panic
valium
panic
xanax
panic
klonopin
panic
celexa
depression
paxil
depression
prozac
depression
lexapro
depression
wellbutrin
depression
zoloft
depression
cymbalta
depression
anafranil
depression
ascendin
depression
elavil
dperession
norporamin
depression
pamelor
depression
aventyl sinequan
depression
surmontil
depression
tofranil
depression
vivactil
depression
nardil
depression
parnate
depression
effexor
depression
desyrel
depression
remeron
depression
serzone
depression
wellbutrin
depression
clorazil
schizo
haldol
schizo
risperdal
schizo
thorazine
schizo
zyprexa
schizo
loxitane
schizo
mellaril
schizo
moban
schizo
navane
schizo
prolixin
schizo
serentil
schizo
setelazine
schizo
trilafon
schizo
invega
schizo
abilify
schizo
seroquel
schizo
lithium
bipolar
depakote
bipolar
lamictal
bipolar
tegretol
bipolar
topomax
bipolar
adderall
ADHD
concerta
ADHD
ritalin
ADHD
vyvanse
ADHD
dexedrine
ADHD
metadate
ADHD
1964: Title VI Civil Rights Act
No person excluded from program receiving federal $
No discirmination in hiring
Desegregated schools & public buildings
1965: Older American Acts (OAA)
administration of aging - federal grants to states for 60+
local area agencies on aging (AAA)
access, in-home, community, caregiver, volunteer work
1974: Child Abuse Prevention & Treatment Act
federal funding to states
1974: Family Educational Rights & Privacy Act (FERPA)
Privacy of educational records
Under 18: parents can inspect student records, formal hearing, statement in record
Schools need written permission from parents to release
1975: Education for Handicapped Children Act
free education
IEPS
1978: Indian Child Welfare Act
Nations have jurisdiction over welfare cases that involve children
Hierarchy procedure
verify tribal identity
allow tribal jurisdiction
if tribal jurisdiction rejected: place with family member / palace with tribe fam / place with no-tribe fam
1980: Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act
Family preservation and reunification
Courts to review child welfare cases more regularly
States required to have preservation and reunification programs
Kids in nonpermanent settings to be seen every 6 months
Adoption subsidy for complex needs and disabilities
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits discrimination
Requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations
Condition does not need to be severe or permanent to be disability
1991: Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
Advanced directives at all healthcare facilities that received federal funding
AD = legally designate person to make decisions on behalf about continuation of support
If a person has not told someone wishes, a decision to remove or put on life support cannot be made, legally
living wills = control in case of illness/injury
families inform clients of rights
1993: Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
12 weeks unpaid, job-protected leave to eligible employees with continuation of insurance coverage
1994: Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA)
Agencies can’t refuse or delay foster parents because of parents’ race, color, or national origin.
1994: VAWA
Federal rape shield law: victim’s past sexual hx cannot be used against them in trial
Victim protection order
Dedicated law enforcement and prosecution
Training for judges, advocates
1996: Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)
Shift in federal cash assistance
Workforce development component to welfare
TANF
Lifetime 5-year limit on benefits
1996: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Access to medical records
Privacy protections
2010: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA):
More access to insurance Curbs costs Expands health workforce Reduce uncompensated care Comparison shopping Medicare reforms
