Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

small ruminants 2 > llamas and camelids > Flashcards

llamas and camelids Flashcards

1
Q
A

huacaya alpaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

suri alpaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A

guanaco alpaca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

vicuna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

size comparison llamas and all the alpaca types

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are some adaptations camelids have to the environment they are from

A

high alt - high affinity for O2
mountainous - foot pads
bright sun - ocular apparatus
low nutrient density - efficient ruminators
cold climates - warm fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are 4 anatomical particularities with camelids that are different from other species

A
  1. skin
  2. superficial vessels (where we collect blood is very superficial
  3. digestive system 3 stomachs)
  4. foot pads
  5. mouth (split lip and fighting teeth)
  6. they make pellets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are these teeth and which ones are the fighting teeth?

A

the incisor and canine teeth (first two boxes) and these are in both females and males and but usually the males only use them for fighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

label the 3 compartments and compared to a ruminant how does this system differ?

A

C1 = A C2 = B C3 = C… this allows camelids to have more frequent mixing activity, greater buffering capacity from saccules (improved VFA absorption) and longer retention times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

you open a camelid stomach and the producer sees these little nubbins and is FREAKING OUT CAUSE THEY HAVE parasites …

A

calm the producer that these are normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 ways that a camelid digestive abilities is superior to ruminant

A

camelids to have 1) more frequent mixing activity, 2) greater buffering capacity from saccules (improved VFA absorption) and 3) longer retention times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

t/f camelids walk on their two hooves (P3 and P4) and their foot pad

A

FALSE … nails not hooves and its P2 and P3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHAT IS THE ONE AND ONLY FACT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT CAMELIDS FOR THE NAVLE … according to Dr. G

A

ellipital RBC and high MCHC normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is one way that camelids repro is 1) similar to a cat 2) similar to a horse 3) and is way easier for producers

A

1) induced ovulators 2) diffuse placenta 3) parturition DURING THE DAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how do camelids FKKKK ? why do the females get BOOORED? which horn is does gestation occur in and how long?

A

prone copulation, prolongued ejaculation, gestation in left horn (11months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is a behaviour problem in male llamas and why does it happen

A

male intact llamas / alpacs that try to kill humans (mal-imprinting on humans causing them to kill)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

label this as frequent or non-frequent on camelid farms
internal parasites
pneumonia
enteritis
recumbency
external parasites
nutrition
breeding problems
clostridial infection

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how would you correct a malocclusion of the teeth and which teeth are more likely

A

file down or hand saw…. incisors (molars some degreee of abnormality is normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are some differentials and what is most likely (how would you treat)

A

tooth root abscess (most common treat with enrofloxacin SC or PO)
osteomyelitis (lumpy jaw)
fracture, cyst, tumor (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what do you want to check with this guy before rads/aspiration?

A

is there just feed stuck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

some alpacas got into the pesticides that a farmer had in a barrel - what is one thing you are concerned of

A

megaesophagus from organophosphate poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

c/s vomiting, regurg dysphagia, hypersalivation, gross breath, weight loss.. differential and tx?

A

megaesophagus… feed complete feed –> usually euthanasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

an alpaca was off feed for 3 days from a tooth abscess that you treated and now you are noticing continue depressed contractions fluid characteristics (acidic??) what is your top ddx

A

first compartment flora problems –> treat with transfaunation from llama sheep goat cow strained: 500mL 2-4 times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the llamas are showing acute depression, stumbling gait, gastric atony, and fluid distention… whats a history question you want to know …. if its what you suspect how do you treat

A

did they get into any grain (sunflower seeds)?? treat by correcting acidosis, fluid support, AB and thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

you see colic depression anorexia buxism decreased fecal output… what compartment are you concerned about and what is the pathology? tx?

A

THIRD compartment ulcers in the DISTAL 3rd … can occur from stress, seasonal….. treat symptoms H2 receptor antagonists dont work… omeprazole (IV NOT ORALLY), pantoprazole (sQ or IV)?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

you see depression, buxism, lateral recumbency, abnormal posture (straining to defecate) what are your top two differentials

A

1) colic
2) ulcers in third compartment (usually arent straining or recumbant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

t/f 80% of cases of colic in camelids are non-surgical and can be medically managed

A

FALSE 50% arent surgical

28
Q

what are the top 4 causes of colic in camelids?

A

1) peritonitis (16%)
2) undiagnosed (16%)
3) uterine torsion in a close third (13%)
4) obstruction (11%)

29
Q

what does a cbc and chem look like for colic

A

normal

30
Q

what are some causes of peritonitis in camelids ?

A

pleuropneumia, pericarditis, abdominal abscess, septicemia, C3 ulcers, pancreatitis suspected

31
Q

aside from colic signs what are some reasons that peritonitis may be higher on your ddx for a camelid

A
  • its the most common cause of colic
  • ileus, diarrhea, dehydration
  • tachycardia
  • weight loss
32
Q

you see colic signs, ileus, diarrhea and tachycardia –> you suspect peritonitis –> how do you diagnose

A

abdominocentesis (midline or paracostal) is the key

33
Q

you dx peritonitis by doing _______ and treat with _____ (4 things)

A
  • remove the source of infection
  • AB
  • NSAID
  • nutritional support
34
Q

animal returns from a show and a herd outbreak of nasal discharge, fever, cough happens…. particularly the older females and one of them dies … what is your top ddx and what might you see on necropsy and what are 3 suspected pathogens related to this dx

A

“alpaca snots” (upper resp disease)
necropsy: lung consolidation and pleural effusion
pathogens: viral (adenovirus, PI3, coronavirus)

35
Q

t/f lower resp dx common c/s are super obvious

A

false : often use unexplained fever, anorexia, tachypnea

36
Q

unexplained fever, anorexia, tachypnea… what is one common differential

A

lower resp dx –> pneumonia (often no coughing present) Dx: rads Tx: ceftiofur or ampicillin

37
Q

what are two causes of pneumonia

A
  1. strep zooepidemicus
  2. aspiration pneumonia (regurg while tubing crias, paralyzed animal, megaesophagus)
38
Q

dx and tx

A

mycoplasma haemolamae
- recall its cyclic so if you dont see it it doesnt mean its not here
- PCR (oregan state)
- healthy llamas clear it w/ AB (tetracycline 20mg/kg SQ Q3 days for 5 treatments)

39
Q

a deer, a snail, and a llama walk into a bar… what parasite are you thinking about

A

parelaphostrongylosis
intermediate host is a gastropod and llamas are the aberrant hosts

40
Q

parelaphostronglyosis (the one from white tailed deer and gastropods) but aberrant host is camelids … what is the disease is causes in camelids

A

the L3 is freed in C3 stomach –> migrated to the spinal cord causing CNS signs (malacia, meningitis, hemorrhage)

41
Q
A
42
Q

hypermetria ataxia paresis head tilt blindness (progressive disease)…. what environmental question do you want to know… aside from c/s and hx what is another diagnostic

A

are there white tailed deer in the area …parelaphostrongylosis (white tailed deer parasite) c/s…. eosinophils in the CSF

43
Q

from CSF tap…. dx and tx (3 points for tx)?

A

eosinophils from parelaphostrongylosis…. tx: fenbendazole and ivermectin + some kind of antiinflammatory (pheylbutazone, flunixin meglumine DMSO dexmethasone) + sling

44
Q

3 ways to prevent parelaphostrongylosis

A

control deer, control snails, prophylactic ivermectin or moxidectin

45
Q

lip twitching, facial tremors, head shaking ataxia paresis fever colic -like signs … you do a CSF because there are neuro signs and see macrophages and proteins –> what do you do next

A

top differential west nile virus … RT-PCR or immunohistochem

46
Q

WNV treatment

A

decrease inflammation of CNS, support… poor prognosis … hyperimmune plasma????

47
Q

an owner is scared of westnile for her beloved alpacas … what can she do

A
  1. eliminate the vector (spray with deterrent get rid of bodies of water near the animals)
  2. vaccinate with equine vaccine but they need 3/2 doses (twice as much as horses) …
48
Q

what is a concern for camelids in the summer… what are some predisposing factors for camelids and environment

A

heat stress–> during hot weather, transport, shows

  • exercising, breeding, obesity, poorly groomed coat

they eliminate heat thru abdomen and legs

49
Q

dx? tx?

A

heat stress

  • cool with water hose, shade, pool, alcohol rubs, fans, ice water enemas, access to fresh water, cool IV fluids

shave them

50
Q

4 ways to prevent heat stroke

A
  • avoid breeding during hot parts of day
  • keep animals fit to avoid obesity
    avoid moving during hot days
  • feed better quality roughage
51
Q

what age? where in the body? is it itchy? tx?

A

idiopathic hyperkeratosis

young animals

found in the hairless spots of the body (bridge of nose medial thighs, perineum, axilla)

not pruritic

zinc supplements often work (but Zn plasma levels are usually normal)

52
Q

t/f
- camelids are born with their eyelids shut
- camelids get their incisor teeth at 4 months old
- camelids arent born in a membrane

A

ALL FALSE
- born with eyelids open
- born with incisor teeth erupted
- born in epidermal membrane

53
Q

what are 5 reasons a cria dies

A
  • not cared for by parent
  • permaturity
  • failure of transfer of passive immunity
  • septicemia
  • choanal atresia (congenital dx)
54
Q

what is unique about camelid colostrum … what animals are best replacements

A

its VERY high in water content and LOW in fat percentage (goat and cow)

55
Q
A

SIGNS OF PREMATURITY/DYSMATURITY syndrome in crias

56
Q

DIARRHEA IN CRIAS (4)

A
57
Q

cria has diarrhea and not doing well … and a fecal float shows this

A

eimeria macusaniensis (c/s usually just in crias) treat with decoquinate in feed, ponazuril or toltrazuril …

58
Q

an owner is concerned because the cria is not gaining weight and the owner is concerned that the cria didnt get colostrum becuase she has not seen the mother is not licking their cria? what are two things you want to tell the client

A
  1. if they didnt get colostrum we need to make sure they get it ASAP .. goats colostrum is best as replacement if needed
  2. camelids dont lick they talk to bond to their bebes
59
Q

a mother cria dies and you have to feed the cria … what is the kind of colostrum and best way to do this

A
  1. goats (simiar fat content) or another camelid
  2. bottle feed but dont go hanging around and cuddling it (esp. male) –> male beserk
60
Q

a cria has choanal atreasia —> what do you need to tell the client

A

both sire and dam are carriers so dont breed

61
Q
A

rickets (hypophosphatemia) treatment: vitamin D for treatment and prevention (because they are adapted to getting a LOT of sun up in the mountains

62
Q

early pregnancy loss / late term abortions
and diarrhea for alpacas that are out grazing with cows

A

BVD !!!
- the persistantly infected animals are “healthy” but can also be untrhifty poor weight gain diarrhea increased susceptibility to infection

63
Q

how do you find a PI animal with BVD? (ps he will likely ask a question on this as he’s done research on it)

A

ELISA PCR virus isolation (non-validated tests)

64
Q

an owner wants to enter alpaca shows… what MUST they test for and how before going

A

negative PCR for BVDV

65
Q

a juvenile is showing recurrent infections … weight loss and abnormal TPR …. you does CBC chem and see anemia M. haemolame and hypoalbuminemia –> what is your differential + some lesions you might see + the current ideas for etiology + prognosis

A

small ruminants 2 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions