LL Conv - Grammar Rules Flashcards
Review basic grammar Question - the rule Answer- Examples
Lo “the” is used before parts of speech other than nouns when they are used as nouns.
lo importante - important thing
lo necesario - the necessary thing
lo dicho - what is said
Plurals - if noun end in -z, change the z to c and add -es
la luz > las luces, the lights
una vez > dos veces twice, two times
English -‘s or s’ is translated by de “of”
el libro de Juan - John’s book
los libros de los muchachos - the books of the boys
SER and ESTAR - SER indicates an inherent characteristic or to state professions, while ESTAR indicates a location, condition or state
El es me’dico - Estoy cansado
Ella es inteligente. - Estoy listo
De donde es usted? - Esta’ claro
But - PERO and SINO: sino is used instead of pero after a negative statement
Quiero ir pero no puedo …… I want to go but I can’t
No viene hoy sino man~ana…He is not coming today but tomorrow
Aqui’ “here” refers to something near the speaker.
Ahi’ “there” refers to somthing near the person spoken to.
Alli’ “there” refers to something remote from both
Aca’ “here” expresses motion toward the speaker
Alla’ “there” indicates motionn away from the speaker
Por aqui” means “this way” or “around here”; por alli” mens “that way” or “around there”
Tengo aqui’ los libros. I have the books here.
Que’ tiene usted ahi’? What do you have there?
Ha estado used alli’? Have you ever been there?
Venga usted aca’! Come here
Vaya usted alla’. Go there.
Use of the pronouns are used only for emphasis or clarity.
e’l habla (you speak) or usted habla (he speaks)
- Ustedes and usted are abbreviations for vuestras mercedes and vuestra merced - your grace
interesting note
Unos (unas) is often used when we would use “some” or “a few” in English
unos di’as, a few days
Adjectives used with SER and ESTAR must agree with the subject in gender and number.
Ella esta’ cansada. She’s tired
Ellas son listas They’re ready
