Living World - Term 1 Flashcards
What is the function of the Scrotum
Contains the testicles and epididymis. Acts as “climate control system for the testes”.
What is the function of the Epididymis
Tightly coiled tube where sperm are stored
What is the function of the Vas Deferens
Used to deliver sperm through the urethra into the female reproductive system.
What is the function of the Seminal Vesicles
Secrete a thick sugar rich fluid that provides sperm with energy to help them move.
What is the function of the Urethra
Tube that carries semen and urine out of the penis
What is the function of the Testicles
Site of sperm and testosterone production
What is the function of the Bulbourethral Glands
Pea sized structures located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland. Produce a slippery fluid that acts as a lubricant in the urethra and to neutralize acidity of residual urine.
What is the function of the Prostate Gland
Walnut sized structure that contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate
What is the function of the Vagina
Canal that joins the lower part of the uterus to the outside of the body. Also known as the birth canal.
What is the function of the Uterus
Hollow pear-shaped organ where a developing fetus grows.
What is the function of the Ovaries
Small, oval shaped glands, located on either side of uterus that produces eggs and hormones.
What is the function of the Cervix
Narrow tubes that are attached to the upper part of the uterus. Serves as a tunnel for the ova to travel through from the ovaries to the uterus.
What are the 4 Functions of The Human Reproduction System?
- Produce egg (ovum) and sperm cells
- Transport and sustain eggs and sperm cells
- Nurture developing offspring
- Produce hormones
What is a Gamete
A sex cell i.e. sperm and ovum that contains half the genetic information required to reproduce by joining a male and female gamete.
What is a gene
A unit of hereditary, a segment of DNA on a chromosome
What is a Chromosome
A strand of DNA then encoded with genes
What is DNA and how is it structured
DNA stands for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid and is shaped in a double-helical structure. The chain is made of alternating sugar and phosphate units. THe ladder rungs of molecules are called nitrogenous bases.
What are the 4 Different Nitrogenous Bases
A - Adenine
T - Thymine
C - Cytosine
G - Guanine
What is a Nucleotide
The base unit of DNA
What are the 3 components of Nucleotide
- A nitrogenous base
- A five-carbon sugar
- A phosphate group.
What is DNA replication
The process of DNA making copies of itself. WIth the aid of enzymes, the hydrogen bonds between the bases are broken and the DNA molecule unzips. The strands separate and expose the nitrogenous bases, which are then added in a complementary sequence to the exposed strands.
