Living World

Question 1

Biology is the science of?

Answer 1

1.life forms
2.living processes

Question 2

When was ernst mayr born and died

Answer 2

Born on -5th july 1904
Died in year-2004

Question 3

Where was ernst mayr born

Answer 3

In Kempten,Germany.

Question 4

Who is ernst mayr?

Answer 4

Harvard university evolutionary biologist

Question 5

What was the other name of ernst mayr

Answer 5

“THE DARWIN OF THE 20TH CENTURY”

Question 6

When did ernst mayr join Hardvards faculty of arts and sciences?

Answer 6

He joined in 1953 and retired in 1975.He assumed the title-“Alexander AGASSIZ PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY EMERITUS”

Question 7

Ernst mayrs research included?

Answer 7

1.Ornithology
2.Taxonomy.
3.Zoogeography.
4.Evolution
5.Systematics.
6.History and philosophy of biology

Question 8

Who pioneered what definition

Answer 8

Ernst mayr pioneered the currently accepted definition of a biological species

Question 9

What awards did mayr recieve?

Answer 9

TRIPLE CROWN OF BIOLOGY:
1.BALZAN PRIZE IN 1983
2.THE INTERNATIONAL PRIZE FOR BIOLOGY IN 1994
3.THE CRAFOORD PRIZE IN 1999

Question 10

What are the twin characteristics of growth?

Answer 10

1.Increase in mass
2.Increase in number

Question 11

In what kind of animals growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events?

Answer 11

In majority of higher animals and plants ,growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events.

Question 12

What is considered as growth?

Answer 12

Increase in body mass

Question 13

Asexual reproduction in lower organisms

Answer 13

Yeast-Budding
Hydra-Budding
Planaria(flat worms)-True regeneration
Fungi-easily reproduce by fragmentation
Filamentous algae-easily reproduce by fragmentation
Protonema of mosses-easily reproduce by fragmentation

Question 14

Number of species that are KNOWN and DESCRIBED range between?

Answer 14

1.7-1.8 million species(1.25million animals and 0.5million plants)

Question 15

ICBN FULL FORM

Answer 15

Internation code FOR botanical nomenclature

Question 16

ICZN FULL FORM

Answer 16

International code OF zoological nomenclature

Question 17

Rules for binomial nomenclature

Answer 17

1.Biological names are generally in latin.
2.They are written in italics.
3.They are latinised or derived from latin irrespective of their origin.
4.When handwritten they are underlined.
5.They are printed in italics to indicate their latin origin.
6.Genus=capital letter & specific epithet=small letter

Question 18

What forms the basis of modern taxonomy?

Answer 18

1.External structures(morphology)
2.Internal structures(anatomy)
3.structure of cell(cytology)
4.developmental processes.
5.ecological information of organisms.

Question 19

What are basic to taxonomy?

Answer 19

1.Characterisation
2.Identification.
3.Classification.
4.Nomenclature.

Question 20

Earliest classifcation was based on?

Answer 20

It was based on their ‘uses’.

Question 21

Systematics?

Answer 21

1.It is derived from latin
2.’Systema’ mns systematic arrangement of organisms.
3.Linneaus used ‘Systema naturae’ as the title of his publication.
4.It involves:identification
Nomenclature
Classification
Evolutionary relationships between
organisms.

Question 22

Unit of classification?

Answer 22

Taxon

Question 23

Properties of life:

Answer 23

1.Growth is NOT the defining property of living organisms.
2.Reproduction is a characteristic of living organisms.
–>Reproduction is not an all inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms.
3.Metabolism is characteristic of life.
–>Metabolism is defining feature of all living organisms.
4.Cellular organisation of the body if defining feature of life forms.
5.Consciousness is defining property of living organisms.

Question 24

Scientific names

Answer 24

1.Human being—Homo sapiens
2.Mango—Mangifera indica
3.Potato—Solanum tuberosum
4.Lion—Panthera leo
5.Tiger—Panthera tigris
6.Brinjal—Solanum melongena
7.Makoi—Solanum nigrum
8.Leopard—Panthera pardus
9.Housefly—Musca domestica
10.Triticum aestivum—Wheat
11.Ficus benghalensis—banyan tree
12.Apis indica—honey bee
13.Solanum lycopersicum—tomato
14.Pheretima posthuma —earthworm

Question 25

Which step of taxonomy requires intense lab and field studies

Answer 25

IDENTIFICATION requires intense laboratory and field study

Question 26

What is herbarium

Answer 26

It is a STORE HOUSE of COLLECTED PLANT SPECIMENS that are DRIED,PRESSED,PRESERVED on SHEETS

Question 27

What are botanical gardens?

Answer 27

These are SPECIALISED GARDENS having COLLECTION OF LIVING PLANTS for reference

Question 28

In botanical gardens each plant is labelled as?

Answer 28

Each plant is labelled indicating its BOTANICAL/SCIENTIFIC NAME and its FAMILY.

Question 29

What are the few famous botanical gardens in world

Answer 29

1.KEW (ENGLAND)
2.Indian Botanical Garden (Howrah,INDIA)
3.National Botanical Research Institute (lucknow,INDIA)

Question 30

Few points about museum?

Answer 30

Specimens are preserved:
1.In containers or jars in preservative solutions.
2.Insects are preserved in insect boxes after collecting,killing,pinning.
3.Larger animals like birds and mammals re stuffed and preserved.
4.They often have collection of skeletons of animals.

Question 31

What is key

Answer 31

1.A taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on similarities and dissimilarities.
2.Keys are based on contrasting characters generally in a pair called “couplet”.
3.Each statement in the key is called a “lead”.
4.Keys are analytical in nature.

Question 32

Flora?manuals?monographs?catalogues?

Answer 32

1.Flora-contains actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area.
-these provide index to the plant species found in a particular area.
2.Manuals-useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area.
3.Monographs-contain information on any one taxon