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DGS S2 Science > Living Things And Air > Flashcards

Living Things And Air Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Noble gases (0.9%), Water Vapour (0.07%), Carbon Dioxide (0.03%)

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2
Q

What are tests that can be used to identify oxygen?

A

Burning splint test, glowing splint test

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3
Q

What are the results for the tests identifying oxygen?

A

When a burning splint is put into a test tube of oxygen, it will burn more brightly. When a glowing splint is put into a test tube of oxygen, it will start burning.

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4
Q

What are tests that can be used to identify carbon dioxide?

A

hydrogencarbonate indicator test, limewater test

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5
Q

What are the results for the tests identifying carbon dioxide?

A

When hydrogencarbonate indicator is dropped into a test tube of carbon dioxide, it turns from red to yellow. When limewater is dropped into a test tube of carbon dioxide, it turns from colourless to milky.

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6
Q

What is an element?

A

A type of molecule made up of only one type of atoms.

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7
Q

What is a compound?

A

A type of molecule made up of more than one type of atoms.

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8
Q

What is the difference between elements and compounds?

A

Elements appear in the periodic table. Compounds don’t.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of carbon dioxide?

A

It is colourless and odourless. It does not burn or support burning.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of oxygen?

A

Oxygen is colourless and odourless. It does not burn but it supports burning.

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11
Q

What test can be used to identify water or water vapour?

A

Dry Cobalt Chloride paper

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12
Q

What is the result for the test identifying water or water vapour?

A

The dry cobalt chloride paper turns from blue to pink when it is in contact with water or water vapour.

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13
Q

What will happen if hydrogencarbonate indicator is dropped into a test tube of oxygen?

A

It will remain red with no colour change.

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14
Q

What will happen if a burning or glowing splint is put into a test tube of carbon dioxide?

A

The splint will go out.

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15
Q

What will happen if limewater is mixed with oxygen?

A

The limewater will remain colourless.

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16
Q

Which gas is used to combine with fuels and burn at very high temperatures to cut metals?

A

Oxygen

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17
Q

What is dry ice and what is its effect and usage?

A

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide that sublimes to carbon dioxide at room temperature. It is used to create a fog effect on stage.

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18
Q

What is liquid nitrogen used for?

A

Liquid nitrogen is used to store living tissues or cells.

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19
Q

Why is argon used to fill light bulbs?

A

Argon is unreactive. It slows oxidation of the wire inside the lightbulb and the evaporation of the wire caused by heating, so it extends the lightbulb’s lifespan.

20
Q

What are the two gases used to fill balloons and which of them is flammable?

A

Helium and Hydrogen are used to fill balloons, in which Hydrogen is flammable. Helium is an inert (unreactive) gas.

21
Q

Which gas is used for filling advertising lights?

A

Neon

22
Q

What is the by-product of photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

23
Q

What is the difference between glucose and starch?

A

Glucose is a form of food in the plant that is used immediately, and starch can be converted from glucose for temporary storage.

24
Q

What is the word equation of photosynthesis?

A

Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll
Carbon dioxide + water ———|______———> glucose+oxygen

Sorry that’s really bad I couldn’t type the arrow

25
Q

What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis?

A

Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll
6CO2+6H2O ——————|________—————> C6H12O6+6O2

Note: the numbers for CO2, H2O, C6H12O6, and O2 should be written at the bottom right-hand side of the letters,

26
Q

Which substances/energy sources are vital for photosynthesis?

A

Light energy, carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll in the leaves of the plant

27
Q

Where does the plant get carbon dioxide and water from?

A

The plant gets carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil.

28
Q

When testing for the presence of starch in a leaf provided with necessary conditions for photosynthesis to take place, what is the purpose of having the leaf boil in hot water for 10 minutes?

A

Boiling the leaf destroys the cell membranes.

29
Q

Which solution should we use to show that there is starch in a leaf and how?

A

Iodine solution. Iodine solution turns from brown to blue-black when in contact with starch.

30
Q

What are the reactants in respiration?

A

Glucose and oxygen

31
Q

What are the products of respiration and what are they used for?

A

Carbon dioxide and water, they are converted to useful energy forms

32
Q

Write down facts about a) photosynthesis and b) respiration.

  1. Where do they take place?
  2. What are the reactants?
  3. What are the products?
  4. When do they usually take place?
A
  1. a) only plants b) plants and animals
  2. a) carbon dioxide and water b) glucose and oxygen
  3. a) glucose and oxygen b) carbon dioxide and water
  4. a) in daytime b) in both daytime and nighttime
33
Q

What is the importance of photosynthesis?

A

It keeps the oxygen and carbon dioxide balanced and provides food for animals in the food chain.

34
Q

Does the plant have a net gas intake when exposed to sunlight?

A

Yes. Under sunlight, photosynthesis and respiration are taking place at the same time, but photosynthesis has a higher rate. Therefore, there is a net carbon dioxide intake in daytime.

35
Q

Compare the following aspects of inhaled air and exhaled air.

1) oxygen percentage
2) CO2 percentage
3) temperature
4) water vapour concentration

A

Inhaled air/exhaled air:

1) 21%/16%
2) 0.03%/4%
3) lower/higher
4) less/saturated

36
Q

What do we use to test the concentration of water vapour in inhaled and exhaled air and how?

A

Dry cobalt chloride paper is used. The paper turns from blue to pink when exposed to water vapour. The paper turns to pink much faster when we breathe on it than when it is left outside exposed to inhaled air. Therefore, we can conclude that there is more water vapour in exhaled air than inhaled air.

37
Q

Describe the procedural steps to collect exhaled air.

A
  1. A gas jar is completely immersed in a water trough.
  2. The gas jar is placed so that the opening of the jar is touching the bottom of the water trough.
  3. A straw is inserted into the opening of the jar.
  4. Air is blown out into the jar via the straw.
  5. The process is repeated until the gas jar is filled with exhaled air.
38
Q

Where does human gas exchange take place?

A

Air sacs

39
Q

Describe the pathway of inhaled air.

A

Nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi(bronchus is singular), bronchioles, air sac

40
Q

What are three harmful substances found in cigarettes?

A

Carbon monoxide (causes less oxygen in blood, fainting, or death), Nicotine (an oily substance that causes addiction), and tar (a brown sticky substance that sticks to the inner wall of the trachea)

41
Q

Why are the frogs’ lungs not as effective as humans’ lungs?

A

The frogs’ lungs only have a small number of air sacs, which makes gas exchange inefficient. On the other hand, human lungs have millions of air sacs at the end of bronchioles that take up a total surface area of one tennis court, providing a very large area available for gas exchange, which makes gas exchange very effective.

42
Q

What are the possible harmful effects of global warming? (Science syllabus)

A

Melting of ice at polar regions, causing flooding in low-lying areas, and climate change, causing more frequent climatic hazards (heat waves, storms and droughts) and food shortage problems.

42
Q

What are the harmful air pollutants?

A

Carbon monoxide (reduces oxygen content in blood, causing headaches, fainting, or death), sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides (cause irritation to breathing system and eyes), suspended particulates (causes respiratory diseases and lung diseases)

44
Q

What is the full name of AQHI?

A

Air quality health index

45
Q

How many levels are there in AQHI?

A

There are 11 levels, classified into 5 categories (low, moderate, high, very high, serious; 1-3, 4-6, 7, 8-10, and 10+) in AQHI.

DGS S2 Science (5 decks)

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