Living Things

Question 1

A process carried out by living things where nutrients are digested, absorbed and incorporated into the body

Answer 1

Assimilation

Question 2

A specialised structure within a cell that carries out a specific function, e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast

Answer 2

Organelle

Question 3

A membrane-bound organelle that acts as the ‘control room’ of the cell and contains the cell’s genetic material

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

The contents of the cell (except the nucleus)

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

The fluid within a cell that fills the space between organelles

Answer 5

Cytosol

Question 6

A thin, flexible layer around a cell which controls what enters and exits the cell (semi-permeable)

Answer 6

Cell membrane

Question 7

A tough, outer layer around the cells of plants, fungi and bacteria, which provides support and structure

Answer 7

Cell wall

Question 8

A storage area within the cell often containing water, waste and food

Answer 8

Vacuole

Question 9

An organelle in plants which contains chlorophyll, a pigment which traps light energy and give plants their green colour

Answer 9

Chloroplast

Question 10

Organelles which convert energy through the process of respiration (singular: mitochondrion)

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

A small organelle which is responsible for the manufacture of proteins

Answer 11

Ribosome

Question 12

An instrument used to magnify objects

Answer 12

Microscope

Question 13

A measure of the degree to which a microscope enlarges an object

Answer 13

Magnification

Question 14

A measure of the ability of a microscope to distinguish between two very close points

Answer 14

Resolution

Question 15

Composed of only one cell

Answer 15

Unicellular

Question 16

Composed of more than one cell

Answer 16

Multicellular

Question 17

A method of reproduction used by some unicellular organisms involving division of the cell into two parts

Answer 17

Binary fission

Question 18

The theory that life can arise spontaneously from non-living matter

Answer 18

Spontaneous generation

Question 19

The structural adaptation of cells for a particular function

Answer 19

Specialisation

Question 20

The basic structural unit of living things

Answer 20

Cell

Question 21

A group of similar cells which perform a specific function, e.g. cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 21

Tissue

Question 22

A group of tissues that perform a specific function, e.g. heart

Answer 22

Organ

Question 23

A group of organs which together carry out a specific function, e.g. circulatory system

Answer 23

Organ system

Question 24

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration of that substance to an area of lower concentration

Answer 24

Diffusion

Question 25

The process occurring within cells where oxygen reacts with glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy

Answer 25

Respiration

Question 26

The process carried out by green plants where carbon dioxide reacts with water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen

Answer 26

Photosynthesis

Question 27

A green pigment found in chloroplasts that is required for the process photosynthesis

Answer 27

Chlorophyll

Question 28

The vessels in plants responsible for transporting water

Answer 28

Xylem

Question 29

The vessels in plants responsible for conducting organic compounds such as glucose

Answer 29

Phloem

Question 30

Pores in the leaf surface (more commonly found on the underside) which allow the passage of gases and water (singular: stoma or stomate)

Answer 30

Stomata

Question 31

The process by which water evaporates from the leaf surface via stomata

Answer 31

transpiration