Living Things Flashcards
Characteristics of living things
Movement- How an organism changes position.
Respiration- Chemical reaction that happens within cells to release energy from food.
Sensitivity- Ability to detect changes in the surrounding environment.
Growth- A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number and/or cell size.
Nutrition- Taking in materials for growth, energy and development.
Excretion- Removal of waste products such as metabolisms, toxic materials and substances in excessive amounts.
Reproduction- Making more of the same kind of organism.
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
Sexual
- two organisms
- gametes
- multiple genes
- variation
Asexual
- one organism
- no gametes involved
- single gene
- no variation
Need for energy
Cells need energy to survive and perform functions such as growth, repair, movement, reproduction and defense
Need for classification
They have different characteristics
Makes identification easier
To know what groups organisms fall into
Makes it easy to study them
Species definition
a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offpsring
Binomial system
Rules for scientific names
Binomial system is an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and the species
Rules
- The genus starts w a capital letter and the species does not
- It must always be underlines with a space separating the genus from the species
- If typed, it must be in italics
Vertebrates and Invertebrates(examples of j this) FAME
(definition) Invertebrates Arthropods Molluscs Echinoderms Annelids Flat worms
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplast and chlorophyll. Animal cells do not. They both have a cell membrane and a cytoplasm
- cell walls
- nucleus
- cytoplasm
- vacuole
- mitochondria
- ER
- keeps the plant cells firm
- stores a set of instructions called genes which control what happens in the cell
- where most chemical reactions take place in the cell
- stores food, water and waste products
- powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration takes place
- allows inter-cellular movement. has a rough er and a smooth er. ribosomes make it rough and produce proteins.
Stem cells
Every cell is formed from existing cells that divide. As the stem cells divide, they produce every specialized cell in the body. Their development is controlled by clues from their surroundings, these include chemical signals called growth factors made by other cells.
Types of plants and animal cells
Red blood cell Sperm cell Palisade cell Guard cell Skin cell Nerve cell Root hair cell Muscle cells
Define
- a cell
- a tissue (with examples)
- An organ
- System level
- A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of an organism
- A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a particular function. 4 basic types of tissues in the body are:
Nervous tissue, Muscle tissue, Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue - A structure that is composed of 2 or more different tissues
- The lvl where different organisms are joined tg to form a body system. Consists of several related organs that have a common function.
Magnification Of Drawings
- Magnification definition
- Magnification formula
- How much an actual image of an organism is enlarged by
2. Size of image= Magnification x Actual image size
