Living Systems - Humans - Digestive System Flashcards
What happens/job of mouth
Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva which continued digestive system enzymes.
Whats happening/job of oesophagus
The tube that connects your mouth and your stomach
Mixes food from the mouth to the stomach and your stomach using strong muscles movement called peristalsis.
What happens/ job of Stomach
J shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks in down proteins and fats.
Acid In the stomach kills bacteria
Mixes food with digestive juices that contain enzymes to break down proteins and fats.
small intestine
Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls
Absorbs 80% ingested water, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Bile from gall bladder is used here.
large intestine
About 1.5 metres long tube
Accepts what small intestines don’t absorb
Rectum short term storage which holds faeces before it is expelled
liver
Directly affects digestion by producing bile.
Bile helps digest fat
Filters toxins and waste including drugs and alcohol.
gall bladder
Stores bile from the liver, releases it into the small intestine
Fatty diets can cause gallstones.
Components of the digestive system
Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Gall bladder Liver Pancreas
What is peristalsis
It is the movement of the oesophagus which mixes the food from the mouth
Carbohydrates ———–> _________
Carbohydrates are broken down by amylase to become glucose.
Proteins ——–>________
Proteins are broken down by protease to become amino acids
Fats———>_______
Fats by lipase are turned into fatty acids
Bile
Bile is produced in the liver and is stored in the gall bladder.
It is not an enzyme but helps lipase to act
Why are teeth important?
When food is chewed we increase it’s surface area so the enzymes (amylase) can act not effectively
