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Biology > Living Organisms GCSE TOPIC 1 > Flashcards

Living Organisms GCSE TOPIC 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Movement

A

Action by an organism causing a change of position or place.

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2
Q

Respiration

A

Chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules to release energy

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3
Q

Sensitivity

A

Ability to detect or sense changes in the environment and make changes

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4
Q

Control

A

Ability to maintain some control over the organism’s internal environment

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5
Q

Growth

A

Permanent increase in size/mass by increase of cell number and cell size.

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6
Q

Reproduction

A

Processes that make up the same kind of organism

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7
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of organisms of toxic materials, waste products from metabolism and substances in excess of requirements.

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8
Q

Nutrition

A

Taking in of nutrients containing energy for growth and tissue repair

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9
Q

Atomic level

A 
Smallest unit of an element. 
Have characteristics. 
Build molecules. 
Non-living. 
Eg. Carbon
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10
Q

Molecular level

A

Made of atoms. Different properties from atoms which make them. Non-living. Eg. DNA

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11
Q

Cellular level

A

Smallest units of life. Surrounded by membrane or wall. Some are specialised. Eg. Red blood cell.

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12
Q

Tissue level.

A

Groups of the same type of cell. Grouped together to perform a particular function. Eg nervous tissue.

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13
Q

Organ level

A

A group of different tissues which perform a specific function. Eg heart.

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14
Q

Organ system level

A

A group of organs which work together to perform a particular function. Eg digestive system.

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15
Q

Organism.

A

Living and can do all seven life processes. Made of organ systems working together. Eg human.

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16
Q

The five kingdoms

A 
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Prokaryotes
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17
Q

Ordering.

A 
Kingdom. 
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
18
Q

Eukaryotic organisms

A

Animals, plants, fungi

19
Q

Prokaryotic organisms

A

Bacteria.

20
Q

Plants.

A

Multicellular. Contain chloroplasts. Carry out photosynthesis. Have a cellulose cell wall. Store sugar as starch.

21
Q

Animals

A

Multicellular. Don’t have chloroplasts so no photosynthesis. Gain nutrition by feeding on other animals or plants. No cell walls. Can change shape. Have coordination. Store carbohydrates as glycogen.

22
Q

Fungi

A

Multicellular (yeast is unicellular.)
Cant photosynthesise. Organised into mycelium made from thread like structures called hyphae. Chitin cell wall. Feed by saprotrophic nutrition. Store carbohydrates as glycogen.

23
Q

Saprotrophic nutrition

A

Mobile spores carried in air, land onto food, grow into mycelium of hyphae which release digestive enzymes that break down food into soluble substances.

24
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Using light energy to convert simple molecules into complex organic compounds.

25
Q

Protoctists

A

Microscopic. Single celled. Amoeba is like an animal cell. Chlorella is like a plant cell. Some are pathogenic —> plasmodium causes malaria. Don’t fit into animal plant or fungi kingdoms

26
Q

Bacteria.

A

Microscopic. Single celled. Cell wall made of polysaccharides and proteins. Capsule. DNA in a single chromosome. Some can carry out photosynthesis. Lactobacillus Bulgaricus. Makes yoghurt.

27
Q

Viruses

A

Non-living parasites. Only able to reproduce inside another living cell. Very small. Don’t feed excrete respire move or grow. Variety of shapes and sizes. Infect all living organisms. Tobacco mosaic virus. AIDS. No cellular structure.

28
Q

Pathogens

A

Anything that can cause disease. Fungi, bacteria, viruses, protoctists.

29
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Semi-liquid. Site of chemical reactions. Living. Contains organelles.

30
Q

Nucleus.

A

Controls activities of the cell. Genes control by determining which proteins it makes.

31
Q

Cell membrane

A

Enclosed cytoplasm. Selectively permeable. Controls what substances can leave or enter the cells by diffusion osmosis or active transport.

32
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic respiration. Releases energy in ATP. lots in specialised cells.

33
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelles which make proteins.

34
Q

Cell wall

A

Tough layer made of cellulose. Outside membrane. Maintains shape of cell. Supports weight. Freely permeable.

35
Q

Vacuole

A

Permanent. Watery solution of dissolved sugars , mineral ions and solutes called cell sap.

36
Q

Chloroplast

A

Green part of a plant. Absorb light to make glucose in photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll

37
Q

Ciliated epithelial cell

A

Sweeps mucus to the throat. Has cilia on its surface. Also in oviduct.

38
Q

Nerve cell

A

Shaped like long wires to carry messages across the body. Made of lots of cells. Myelin sheath increases speed of transmittion.

39
Q

Red blood cell

A

Carry fresh oxygen across the body. Thin membrane. Large surface area. No nucleus. Contains haemoglobin

40
Q

Palisade cell

A

Designed to carry out photosynthesis. Contain large amounts of chloroplasts. Elongated and tightly packed.

41
Q

Sperm cell

A

Male reproductive cell. Head has genetic information. Large tail to swim to the egg. Midpiece has mitochondria which provides energy.

42
Q

Root hair cell

A

Collect water and nutrients in the soil. Large surface area, hairs like finger-like projections.

Biology (2 decks)

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