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Tommy Classes > Living Environments > Flashcards

Living Environments Flashcards

Regents Review

1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

All living and nonliving things that interact in a specific area.

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2
Q

Define biotic factors.

A

Living parts of the ecosystem (plants, animals)

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3
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Nonliving parts of the ecosystem (water, sunlight, soil).

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4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of life on Earth, essential for ecosystem resilience.

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5
Q

What are producers in an ecosystem?

A

Organisms that make their own food, usually through photosynthesis.

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6
Q

Define consumers.

A

Organisms that eat other organisms to obtain energy.

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7
Q

What are decomposers?

A

Organisms that break down dead material for energy (bacteria, fungi).

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8
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten.

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9
Q

Define a food web.

A

A network of interrelated food chains in an ecosystem.

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10
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

The maximum population size that an environment can sustain.

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11
Q

Describe ecological succession.

A

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

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12
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role and position a species has in its environment.

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13
Q

What are invasive species?

A

Non-native species that spread widely and cause harm to the environment.

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14
Q

Define habitat destruction.

A

The process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species.

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15
Q

What is conservation biology?

A

The study and practice of protecting biodiversity and natural resources.

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16
Q

What are keystone species?

A

Species that have a disproportionately large impact on their environment.

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17
Q

What is an observation in scientific terms?

A

What is seen or measured.

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18
Q

Define inference.

A

A conclusion based on observation or evidence.

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19
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

An untested prediction that states both cause and effect (“If-then” statement).

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20
Q

What constitutes a theory?

A

A broad explanation of natural events supported by strong evidence.

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21
Q

What is the purpose of a controlled experiment?

A

To compare the results between two or more groups.

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22
Q

Define the experimental group in an experiment.

A

The group being tested or receiving treatment.

23
Q

What is a control group?

A

The “normal” group identical to the experimental group except it does not receive the treatment.

24
Q

What is a placebo?

A

A fake treatment given to the control group to mimic the experimental conditions.

25
Q

Where is the independent variable plotted on a graph?

A

On the X axis.

26
Q

Where is the dependent variable plotted on a graph?

A

On the Y axis.

27
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from high to low concentrations without energy.

28
Q

Define osmosis.

A

The diffusion of water into or out of a cell.

29
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Respiration that requires oxygen and produces more ATP.

30
Q

What happens during anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Lactic acid is produced, causing muscle fatigue.

31
Q

What are the main components of the immune system?

A

White blood cells.

32
Q

What is the function of antibodies?

A

To attack specific antigens.

33
Q

How does genetic engineering typically alter organisms?

A

By inserting genes from one organism into another.

34
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.

35
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

An enzyme is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed by the reaction.

36
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism.

37
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are molecules that store and transmit genetic information.

38
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

39
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution involving random changes in allele frequencies within a population.

40
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

A

Chlorophyll is a pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

41
Q

What is an allele?

A

An allele is a variant form of a gene.

42
Q

What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

A

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, while a phenotype is the physical expression of the genotype.

43
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from the interaction.

44
Q

What is transcription in biology?

A

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

45
Q

What is translation in biology?

A

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA transcript.

46
Q

What is a food web?

A

A food web is a complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.

47
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

Ecological succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time.

48
Q

What role do centrioles play in animal cells?

A

Centrioles help organize the assembly of microtubules during cell division.

49
Q

What is the significance of the cell wall in plant cells?

A

The cell wall provides structural support, protection, and shape to plant cells.

50
Q

What is a trophic level in an ecosystem?

A

A trophic level is a step in a food chain or food web, representing the flow of energy from primary producers to various consumers.

51
Q

What is respiration?

A

Organisms get energy by breaking the bonds of sugar molecules. The released
energy is used to make a molecule of ATP, which gives all organisms their energy

52
Q

What is diffusion?

A

movement of molecules from high concentrations to low concentrations.
Requires no energy (passive transport)

53
Q
A

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