Living Deck - continual additions Flashcards
+
present
-
absent
pg. 4
-cele
herniation
pg. 10
Pathology Suffix
-rrhaphy
suture, repair
pg. 13
Therapeutic/Surgical Suffix
-abrasion
scraping of
pg. 152
-ac
pertaining to
pg. 10
Adj. Suffix
-ad
toward
pg. 42
-al
pertaining to
pg. 10
Adj. Suffix
-algia
pain
pg. 6
Pathology Suffix
-ar
pertaining to
pg. 10
Adj. Suffix
-ary
pertaining to
pg. 10
Adj. Suffix
-centesis
surgical puncture
pg. 13
Therapeutic/Surgical Suffix
-cyte
cell
pg. 28
-dynia
pain
pg. 10
Pathology Suffix
-eal
pertaining to
pg. 10
Adj. Suffix
-ectasia
dilation
pg. 129
-ectomy
removal, resection, excision
pg. 13
Therapeutic/Surgical Suffix
-emia
blood condition
pg. 10
Pathology Suffix
-en
in
pg. 29
-ent
pertaining to
pg. 43
-er
one who
pg. 14
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-ferous
pertaining to carrying
pg. 123
-graph
instrument to record
pg. 14
Instrument Suffix
-graphy
process of recording
pg. 12
Diagnostic Procedure Suffix
-ia
-ism
condition
pg. 10
pg. 34
Pathology Suffix
-iatrician
on who specializes in treatment
pg. 14
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-iatrics
treatment
pg. 15
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-iatrist
one who specializes in treatment
pg. 15
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-iatry
process of treatment
pg. 15
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-ic
pertaining to
pg. 10
Adj. Suffix
-icle
small, tiny
pg. 9
Noun-ending Suffix
-in
substance
pg. 123
-ior
pertaining to
pg. 42
-is
structure, thing
pg. 9
Noun-ending Suffix
-ism
state of
pg. 28
-ist
one who specializes
pg. 15
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-itis
inflammation
pg. 6
Suffix
-itis
inflammation
pg. 10
Pathology Suffix
-ive
pertaining to
pg. 150
-logist
one who specializes in the study of
pg. 15
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-logy
study of
pg. 6
Suffix
-logy
study of
pg. 15
Specialty/Specialist Suffix
-lysis
loosening
pg. 141
-malacia
softening
pg. 10
Pathology Suffix
-megaly
enlargement
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-meter
instrument to measure
pg. 14
Instrument Suffix
-metry
process of measuring
pg. 12
Diagnostic Procedure Suffix
-oid
resembling
pg. 37
-ole
small, tiny
pg. 9
Noun-ending Suffix
-oma
tumor, mass
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-on
structure
pg.29
-opsy
process of viewing
pg. 12
Diagnostic Procedure Suffix
-osis
abnormal condition
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-ous
pertaining to
pg. 10
Adj. Suffix
-pathy
disease process
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-plasm
formation
pg. 28
-plasty
surgical repair
pg. 6
Therapeutic/Surgical Suffix
-ptosis
prolapse, drooping, sagging
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-rrhage
-rrhagia
bursting forth
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-rrhea
DIARRHEA!
discharge, flow
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-rrhexis
rupture
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-sclerosis
abnormal condition of hardening
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-scope
instrument to view
pg. 6
Suffix
-scope
instrument to view
pg. 14
Instrument Suffix
-scopy
process of viewing
pg. 12
Diagnostic Procedure Suffix
-some
body
pg. 28
-statsis
controlling
pg. 28
-stenosis
abnormal condition of narrowing
pg. 11
Pathology Suffix
-stomy
new opening
pg. 13
Therapeutic/Surgical Suffix
-tome
instrument to cut
pg. 14
Instrument Suffix
-tomy
incision, cutting
pg. 13
Therapeutic/Surgical Suffix
-tripsy
crushing
pg. 13
Therapeutic/Surgical Suffix
-tripter
machine to crush
pg. 14
Instrument Suffix
-trite
instrument to crush
pg. 14
Instrument Suffix
-ule
small, tiny
pg. 9
Noun-ending Suffix
-um
structure, thing, membrane
pg. 9
Noun-ending Suffix
-us
structure
pg. 29
-y
process of, condition
pg. 9
Noun-ending Suffix
-zation
process of
pg. 151
a-
no, not, without
pg. 16
Prefix
abdomin/o
celi/o
lapar/o
abdomen
pg. 37
acne vulgaris
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, and comedones (sing. comedo) which are plugs of sebum that partially or completely block a pore. Blackheads are open comedones, whiteheads are closed comedones
pg. 136
acromi/o
acromion (highest point of the shoulder)
pg. 39
actinic keratosis
lesion caused by sun exposure
pg. 144
aden/o
gland
pg. 127
af-
toward
pg. 43
albin/o
white
pg. 139
all/o
other
pg. 150
allograft
harvest skin from another human donor for temp. transplant until a homograft (autograft) is available
pg. 150
alopecia
hair loss, resulting from genetic factors, aging or disease
pg. 136
an-
no, not, without
pg. 16
Prefix
ana-
up, apart
pg. 28
ana-
up, apart, away
pg. 34
anesthetic agent
cause loss of sensation; topically applied anesthetic agents act locally on affected area; examples are lidocaine (Xylocaine) & benzocaine (orajel)
pg. 156
angi/o
vessel
pg. 129
angioma
localized vascular lesion that includes hemangiomas, vascular nevi, and lymhangiomas
pg. 144
anhidrosis
condition in which a person produces little or no sweat
pg. 140
ante-
forward, in front of, before
pg. 16
Prefix
ante-
forward, in front of, before
pg. 38
anter/o
front
pg. 42
anti-
against
pg. 16
Prefix
antibacterials
prevent and treat bacterial growth; topical agents like erythromycin (Erygel) & clindamycin (BenzaClin) are used to treat acne; triple antibiotic ointment containing bacitracin, polymyxin B, neomycin (Neosporin); silver sulfadiazine (Slivadene); mupirocin (Bactroban) are used to prevent and treat skin or wound infections; oral agents for acne include erythromycin (Ery-tab), tetracycline (Sumycin) and minocycline (Minocin)
pg. 156
antifungals
treat fungal infections; topical agents include nystatin (Nystop), butenafine (Lotrimm Ultra), ciclopirox (Loprox) and econazole (Ecoza)
pg. 156
antihistamines
surpress the allergic response to reduce itching, redness, and swelling; diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is available in oral and topical formulations; other oral agents include chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton), cetirizine (Zyrtec) and loratadine (Claritin)
pg. 156
antiinflammatories
reduce inflammation; oral agents include prednisone and NSAIDS such as aspirin; topical agents include hydrocortisone (Cortizone), fluocinonide (Vanos) and triamcinolone (Kenalog)
pg. 156
antipsoriatics
treat psoriasis; examples include anthralin (Drithocreme) and calcipotriene (Dovonex)
pg. 156
antiseptics
prevent infection by destroying surface microbials on the skin or tissue surface with topical application of agent; examples include iodine and chlorhexidine (hibistat)
pg. 156
antivirals
reduce the effect of viruses; examples include valacyclovir (Valtrex) & acyclovir (Zovirax) for the treatment of HSV (cold sores or genital herpes) & herpes zoster (shingles)
pg. 156
apic/o
apex
pg. 30
arteri/o
artery
pg. 22
arthr/o
joint
pg. 6
Combining Form
athlete’s foot
tinea pedis
fungal infection of the foot
134
auto-
self
pg. 34
auto-
self
pg. 150
autograft
harvest of the patient’s own skin for transplant
pg. 150
axill/o
axilla (armpit)
pg. 37
bacteri/o
bacteria
pg. 22
bacterial analysis
culture and serology of lesions to help diagnose disorders like impetigo
pg. 147
bas/o
bottom, base
pg. 123, 127
basal cell carcinoma
(BCC)
most common type of skin cancer, originates in the basal layer of the epidermis; usually occurs on face as a result of sun exposure and rarely metastasizes (spreads to distant sites)
pg.145
bi-
two
pg. 43
bi/o
living, life
pg. 22
blephar/o
eyelid
pg. 152
blepharoplasty
surgical repair of the eyelid
pg. 152
bol/o
throwing
pg. 28
brachi/o
arm
pg. 38
bucc/o
cheek
pg. 37
Bx
biopsy
pg. 158
C2
second cervical vertebra - 2nd bone in neck
pg. 4
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft - detour around a blockage in an artery of the heart
pg. 4
callus
common painless thickening of the stratum corneum at location of external pressure or friction
pg. 137
candidiasis
moniliasis
yeast infection in moist, occluded areas of the skin and mucous membranes
pg. 134
capit/o
head
pg. 134
CARD
C - check for the word parts in a term
A - assign meanings to the word parts
R - reverse the meaning of the suffix to the front of definition
D - define the term
Example) glossitis
check - gloss/itis
assign - tongue/inflammation
reverse - inflammation/tongue
define - inflammation of the tongue
pg. 5
cardi/o
heart
pg. 22
carp/o
wrist
pg. 38
cata-
(WaterFALL)
down
pg. 28
cata-
down
pg. 34
caud/o
tail
pg. 42
cauter/i
burn
pg. 151
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning with heat
pg. 151
cephal/o
head
pg. 22
cervic/o
neck, cervix
pg. 22
chemical peel
use of a mild acid to produce a superficial burn; normally done to remove wrinkles
pg. 152
cartilag/o
chondr/o
cartilage
pg. 22, 63
chrom/o
color
pg. 139
chym/o
juice
pg. 29
cicatrix
pl. cicatrices
a scar
pg. 129
col/o
large intestine, color
pg. 22
Combining form
word root (origin) with its respective combining vowel (usually an “o”, could be “a”, “e”, “i”, “u”)
pg. 3
contra-
opposite
pg. 42
corn
calvus
horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence as the result of pressure or friction
pg. 137
coron/o
crown, heart
pg. 22
corpor/o
som/o
somat/o
body
pg. 30
cox/o
hip
pg. 37
crani/o
cranial
pg. 37
crur/o
leg
pg. 38
cry/o
extreme cold
pg. 151
cryosurgery
destruction of tissue through the use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitogen
pg. 151
crypt-
hidden
pg. 141
cubit/o
elbow
pg. 38
curettage
scraping of material from the wall of a cavity or other surface to obtain tissue for microscopic examination; done with an instrument called a curette
pg. 151
cut/o
skin
pg. 22
cutane/o
skin
pg. 22
cyst/o
bladder, sac
cyt/o
cellul/o
cell
pg. 28
debridement
first step in wound treatment, involving removal of dirt, foreign bodies (FBs), damaged tissue, and cellular debris from the wound or burn to prevent infection and promote healing
pg. 151
decubitus ulcer
bed sore
pressure ulcer
pressure sore
inflammation, ulcer, or sore in the skin over a bony prominence; most often seen in aged, debilitated, cachectic (wasted), or immobilized patients; pressure sores or ulcers are graded by stages of severity; highest stage, (4) involves muscles, fat, and bone
pg. 137
deep
away from the surface of the body; internal
pg. 43
deep full-thickness burn
fourth degree burn
controversial; sometimes used by specialists to describe burns that extend to muscle and bone
pg. 143
delt/o
trianglular
pg. 37
dent/i
tooth
pg. 22
derm/o
dermat/o
cut/
cutane/o
skin
pg. 22, 122
dermabrasion
surgical procedure to resurface skin; used to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles and tattoos
pg. 152
dermatofibroma
fiberous tumor of the skin that is painless, round, firm and usually found on the extremities
pg. 144
dermatome
instrument used to split-thickness skin grafts
pg. 150
dermatoplasty
transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation, or disease
pg. 152
dextr/o
right side of patient’s body
pg. 43
diaphragmat/o
diaphragm/o
phren/o
diaphragm
pg. 48
digit/o
finger/toe
pg. 38
dist/o
far
pg. 43
dors/o
back
pg. 38
duoden/o
duodenum
pg. 22
dys-
abnormal, difficult, bad, painful
pg. 17
Prefix
dyschromia
abnormality of skin pigmentation
pg. 139
dysplastic nevus
mole
nevus = pigmented lesion often present at birth; carious abnormal changes of a pigmented congenital skin blemish may give rise to concern for progression to malignancy; changes of concern are categorized as ABCDE
Asymmetry
Borders, irregular
Colors, changes/uneven pigmentation
Diameter, increasing in size or more than 6mm
Elevation
pg. 144
ec-
out
pg. 128
ecchymosis
term for a nonelevated “black and blue” extravasation of blood into subcutaneous tissue as a result of trauma; hemorrhage of blood into subcutaneous tissue
practice test
ef-
away from
pg. 44
electr/o
electricity
pg. 22
emollients
topical substances that soften and moisturizes the skin; come in the form of lotions, creams, ointments & bath additives; couple well-known OTC products are Aveeno & Eucerin
pg. 156
en-
in
pg. 34
endo-
within
pg. 34
endo-
end-
within
pg. 17
Prefix
enter/o
small intestine
pg. 22
epi-
above, upon
pg. 17
Prefix
epi-
above, upon
pg. 34
epitheli/o
epithelium
pg. 34
eschar/o
scab
pg. 129
eschar/o
scab
pg. 151
escharotomy
surgical incision into necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn; may be necessary to prevent edema leading to ischemia (loss of blood flow) in underlying tissue
pg. 151
esophag/o
esophagus
pg. 22
exanthemat/o
rash
pg. 135
exanthematous diseases
generally viral diseases characterized by a specific type of rash (exanthem); main ones are measles, rubella, fifth disease, roseola, chicken pox
pg. 135
excisional biopsy
biopsy in which the entire tumor maybe removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment
pg. 147
exfoliation
scraping/shaving off samples of friable (easily crushes) lesions for a lab examination called exfoliative cytology
pg. 147
“face lift”
rhytidectomy
surgical operation to remove wrinkles
pg. 152
faci/o
face
pg. 34
femor/o
thigh
pg. 38
fer/o
to carry
pg. 43
fibr/o
fiber
pg. 144
fissure
crack-like lesion of the skin
pg. 129
flap
section of skin transferred from one location to an immediately adjacent one
pg. 150
follicul/o
follicle
pg. 123
fornic/o
fornix
pg. 30
any vault like or arched structure
front/o
front
pg.34
full-thickness burn
third degree burn
burn that damages the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue; pain is not present because the nerve endings in the skin have been destroyed; skin appearance may be deep red, pale gray, brown, or black with likely scar formation
pg. 143
full-thickness graft
SG in which full portions of both the epidermis and dermis are used
pg. 150
functions of the blood/lymphatic/immune system
transportation of nutrients/waste, protection
pg. 33
functions of the cardiovascular system
transportation of blood
pg. 33
functions of the endocrine system
effects changes through chemical messengers
pg. 33
functions of the gastrointestinal system
nutrition
pg. 33
functions of the integumentary system
cover and protection
pg. 33
functions of the musculoskeletal system
support, movement, protection
pg. 33
functions of the nervous/behavioral
receive/process information
pg. 33
functions of the respiratory system
delivers o2 to cells and removes co2
pg. 33
functions of the urinary system
elimination of nitrogenous waste
pg. 33
fund/o
fundus
pg. 30
base or deepest part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the mouth of the organ
fungal tests
cultures of scrapings of lesions used to edentify fungal infections
pg. 147
furuncle
localized, suppurative staphylococcal skin infection originating in a gland/hair follicle and characterized by pain, redness, and swelling; if 2+ are connected its called a carbuncle
pg. 131
gastr/o
stomach
pg. 6
Combining Form
gastr/o
stomach
pg. 22
gloss/o
tongue
pg. 22
glute/o
buttocks
pg. 38
glyc/o
glucose, sugar
pg. 22
hem/o
hemat/o
blood
pg. 22
hematoma
Collection of extravasated blood trapped in tissues
practice test
hepat/o
liver
pg. 6
Combining Form
hepat/o
liver
pg. 22
herpes simplex virus
HSV
viral infection characterized by clusters of small vesicules filled with clear fluid on raised inflammatory bases of the skin or mucosa; HSV-1 causes herpetic stomatitis (fever blisters) and kereatitis (inflammation of the cornea); HSV-2 more commonly known as genital herpes
pg. 135
herpes zoster
shingles
accute, painful rash caused by reactivation of the latent varicellazoster virus
pg. 135
hidr/o
sudor/i
sweat
pg. 122
hidraden/o
sudoriferous gland
pg. 127
hidradenitis
inflammation of the sweat glands
pg. 140
hil/o
hilum
pg. 30
recess, exit, entrance of a duct into a gland, or of a nerve and vessels into an organ
hist/o
tissue
pg. 29
home/o
same
pg. 28
home/o
same
pg. 34
hyper-
excessive, above
pg. 17
Prefix
hyperhidrosis
excessive perspiration caused by heat, strong emotion, menopause, hyperthyoidism, or infection
pg. 140
hypertrichosis
hirsutism
abnormal excess of hair
pg. 136
hypo-
below, deficient
pg. 17
Prefix
hypodermic
H
general term that refers to any injection under the skin
pg. 155
hyster/o
uterus
pg. 22
ichthy/o
fish
pg. 137
ichthyosis
category of dry skin that has the scaly appearance of a fish; ranges from mild to severe; mild form is xeroderma
pg. 137
ili/o
ile/o
ileum
pg. 51
IM
intramuscular - pertaining to within the miscles
pg. 4
immunomodulators
immunosuppressants
agents that supress the body’s immune system; topical agents like pimecrolimus (Elidel) & tacrolimus (Protopic) are used to treat atopic dermatitis & eczema
pg. 156
impetigo
superficial vesiculopustular bacterial skin infection, normally seen in children but possible in adults
pg. 131
incision and drainage
I&D
cutting open and removing the contents of a wound, cyst, or other lesion
pg. 151
incisional biopsy
biopsy in which larger tissue samples may be obtained by excising a wedge of tissue and suturing the lesion
pg. 147
infer/o
downward
pg. 42
inguin/o
groin
pg. 37
inter-
between
pg. 17
Prefix
intra-
within
pg. 17
Prefix
intracutaneous
intadermal
ID
route of injection within the dermis
pg. 155
ipsi-
same
pg. 42
jock itch
tinea cruris
fungul infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather
pg. 134
Kaposi sarcoma
(KS)
rare form of skin cancer that takes the form of red/blue/bbrown/purple nodules, usually on the extremities; one form appears most often on AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals
pg. 145
keloid
type of scar; overgrowth of tissue at site of injury in excess of the amount of tissue necessary to repair the wound; partially due to accumulation of collagen at site
pg. 130
kerat/o
hard, horny
pg. 123
keratinous cyst
sebaceous cyst
benign cavity lined by keratinizing epithelium and filled with sebum and epithelial debris
pg. 136
keratolytics
topical substances used to break down hardened skin and shed the top layer of dead skin to treat warts, calluses, corns, acne, rosacea, and psoriasis; examples include salicylic acid (Compound W), cantharidin & podofilox (Condylox)
pg. 156
laparoscopy
a visual examination of the abdominal cavity
practice test
laser therapy
procedure to repair or destroy tissue, particularly in the removal of tattoos, warts, port-wine stains, and psoriatic lesions
pg. 150
later/o
side
pg. 42
lingu/o
tongue
pg. 22
lipectomy
removal of fatty tissue
pg. 152
lipid/o
adip/o
lipid, fat, adipose
pg. 22
lipoma
fatty tumor that is a soft, movable, subcutaneous nodule
pg. 144
liposuction
technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device
pg. 152
lith/o
stone
pg. 22
lumb/o
low back, loin
pg. 38
lumin/o
lumen
pg. 30
the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube
lys/o
dissolving
pg. 28
macul/o
spot
pg. 129
maglignant melanoma
cancerous tumor arises from mutated meanocytes; leading cause of death from all skin diseases
pg. 145
mamm/o
breast
pg. 22
man/u
hand
pg. 38
medi/o
middle
pg. 42
mediastin/o
mediastinum
pg. 47
melan/o
black, dark
pg. 123
ment/o
chin
pg. 37
meta-
change, beyond
pg. 28
milia
tiny superficial keratinous cysts caused by clogged oil ducts
pg. 136
miliaria
minute vesicules and papules, often with surrounding erythema (redness) caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity
pg. 140
mitochondri/o
mitochondria
pg. 29
Mohs surgery
repeated removal and microscopic examination of layers of a tumor until no cancerous cells are present
pg. 151
muscul/o
muscle
pg. 22
my/o
myos/o
muscle
pg. 29, 63
myc/o
fungus
pg. 134
nas/o
nasal
pg. 37
nat/o
birth, born
pg. 22
necr/o
death, dead
pg. 34
needle aspiration
aspiration of fluid from lesions to obtain samples for culture and examination
pg. 147
neo-
new
pg. 17
Prefix
neur/o
nerve
pg. 22
nev/o
birthmark
pg. 144
nid/o
nest
pg. 131
nod/o
knot
pg. 129
Nondecodable terms
words whose definintions must be memorized without the benefit of word parts; examples include:
* cataract - from Greek term meaning “waterfall”
* asthma - from Greek term meaning “panting”
* sequela
* acute
* chronic
* sign - objective finding of a disease state (fever, high bp)
* symptom -subjective report of disease (pain, itching)
* Eponyms like Alzheimer’s disease + Achillies tendon
* Portmanteaus - combined word parts from 2+ words, like Botox + Genome
pg. 4
nuch/o
neck
pg. 38
nucle/o
kary/o
nucleus
pg. 29
occlus/o
to close
pg. 150
occlusive therapy
use of a nonporous occlusive dressing to cover a treated area to enhance the absorption & effectiveness of a medication; used to treat psoriasis, lupus erythematous, and chronic hand dermatitis
pg. 150
ocul/o
eye
pg. 37
olecran/o
elbow
pg. 38
onych/o
ungu/o
nail
pg. 122
onychectomy
removal of a finger/toenail because of trauma or disease
pg. 151
onychia
inflammation of the finger nail
pg. 141
onychocryptosis
abnormal condition of ingrown (hidden) nail; can cause pain, swelling and erythema (redness)
pg. 141
onycholysis
separation of the nail plate from the nail bed
pg. 141
onychomycosis
tinea unguium
abnormal condition of nail fungus
pg. 141
ophthalm/o
eye
pg. 6
Combining Form
or/o
mouth
pg. 37
oste/o
osse/o
oss/i
bone
pg. 22
ot/o
ear
pg. 6
Combining Form
palm/o
palm
pg. 38
papil/o
papilla
pg. 123
papul/o
pimple
pg. 129
par-
near, beside
pg. 17
Prefix
para-
near, beside, abnormal
pg. 17
Prefix
pariet/o
wall
pg. 48
paronychia
infection of the skin beside the nail
pg. 141
partial-thickness burn
second-degree burn
burn in which only the epidermis and part of the dermis are affected; if burn extends to papillary level, it is classified as a superficial partial-thickness burn; extension to the reticular layer classifies it as a deep partial-thickness burn; characterized by redness, blisters, and pain with possible scarring
pg. 142-143
patch
large, flat, nonpalpable macule, larger than 1cm
pg. 129
patell/o
patell/a
kneecap
pg. 38
path/o
disease
pg. 22
ped/o
child
pg. 22
ped/o
foot
pg. 38
pedicul/i
lice
pg. 134
pediculicides
destroy lice; examples include malathion (Ovide), lindane (Kwell), and permethrin (Nix)
pg. 156
pediculosis
parasitic infestation with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area
pg. 134
pelv/o
pelv/i
pelvic
pg. 38
per-
through
pg. 17
Prefix
peri-
surrounding, around
pg. 17
Prefix
perine/o
perineum (space between the external genitalia and the anus)
pg. 38
peritone/o
peritoneum
pg. 48
petechia
pl. petechiae
tiny ecchymosis within dermal layer
129
phil/o
attraction
pg. 22
plant/o
sole
pg. 38
plaque
raised plateaulike papule >1cm; psoriatic lesion, seborrheic keratosis
pg. 129
plast/o
formation
pg. 144
pleur/o
pleura
pg.51
pne/o
breathing
pg. 22
poly-
many, much, excessive, frequent
pg. 17
Prefix
poplit/o
back of the knee
pg. 38
post-
after, behind
pg. 17
Prefix
poster/o
back
pg. 42
pre-
before, in front of
pg. 18
Prefix
Prefix
word part at BEGINNING of word; further define the absence, location, number, quantity, or state of the term
pg. 3
prone
lying on one’s belly
pg. 44
Pronounciation of Odd Letter Combos
- eu = you
- ph = f like “fill”
- pn = n like “no”
- ps = s like “sort”
- pt = t like “top”
- rh, rrh = r like “row”
- x = z like “zoo”
pg. 21
protectives
protectants
topical substances with sun protection factors (SPF) that protect the skin against ultraviolet light A & B in sunlight ; sun screen and sunblock products contain active ingredients such as oxybenzone & avobenzone
pg. 156
proxim/o
near
pg. 43
pruritus
itching; marks that result from intense itching are called excoriations
pg. 131
psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy
directing a type of UV light onto psoriatic lesions
pg. 150
psoralens
absorb UVA light to treat skin conditions like eczema & psoriasis, reduce itching, redness & swelling; an example is methoxsalen (Uvadex)
pg. 156
psoriasis
common chronic skin disorder characterized by circumscribed, salmon-red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales that are the result of excessive development of epithelial cells
pg. 137
psych/o
mind
pg. 22
pub/o
pubic
pg. 38
punch biopsy
biopsy in which a tubular punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue and the tissue is cut off at base
pg. 147
purpur/o
purple
pg. 129
pustul/o
pustule
pg. 129
retinoids
derived from vitamin A, alter the growth of the top layer of the skin & may be used to treat acne, reduce wrinkles & treat psoriasis; examples include tretinoin (Retin-A), isotretinoin (Claravis) & tazarotene (Tazorac)
pg. 156
retro-
behind
pg. 48
rhin/o
nose
pg. 6
Combining Form
rhytid/o
wrinkle
pg. 152
rib/o
ribose
pg. 28
ringworm
tinea capitis
tinea corporis
fungal infection of the scalp; ringworm of the body manufested by pink/red papulosquamous annular (ringlink) plaques with raised borders
pg. 134
Rules Singular/Plural Endings
- s -a = p -ae
- s -is = p -es
- s -ix OR -ex = p -ices
- s -itis = p -itides
- s -nx = p -nges
- s -um = p -a
- s -us = p -i
- s -y = p -ies
pg. 20
sacr/o
sacrum
pg. 38
sarcoma
connective tissue cancer
pg. 145
scabicides
destroy mites & scabies; examples include permethrin (Elimite) & crotamiton (Eurax)
pg. 156
scabies
parasitic infestation caused by mites; characterized by pruritic papular rash
pg. 134
scapul/o
scapula, shoulder
pg. 38
SCC
sqaumous cell carcinoma
second most common type of skin cancer; also caused by sun exposure but developing from squamous cells
pg. 145
seb/o
sebac/o
oil, sebum
pg. 122
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp and face; newborns this is known as cradle cap
pg. 131
seborrheic keratosis
benign, circumscribed, pigmented, superficial warty skin lesion
pg. 144
shaving
paring
slicing of thin sheets of tissue to remove lesions
pg. 151
sin/o
sinus/o
sinus or antrum
pg. 30
cavity or channel in bone, a dialated channel for blood, or a cavity that permits the escape of purelent (pus-filled) material
sinistr/o
left side of patient’s body
pg. 43
skin graft
SG
skin transplant performed when normal skin cover has been lost as a result of burns, ulcers, or operations to remove cancerous tissue
pg. 150
skin tags
acrochordons
small, soft, pedunculated (with a stalk) lesions that are harmless outgrowths of eidermal and dermal tissues, usually covering the neck, eyelids, armpits and groin; usually occur in multiples
pg. 144
somn/o
sleep
pg. 22
function of special senses
information gathering
pg. 33
Spelling Rules
- suffix starts w/ vowel = combining vowel is NOT needed to join parts
- suffix starts w/ consonant = combining vowel IS needed
- combining form ends w/ same vowel that begins suffix = drop ONE vowel
- 2+ combining forms used in term = keep combing vowel regardless of if 2nd combining form starts with v/c [example: gastr/o + enter/o + itis = gastrOenteritis
- 2+ combining forms used to make medical term = note order in which they appear [example: esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD = visual examination of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum]
pg. 8
spin/o
spine; thornlike projection bone process
pg. 51, 66
spir/o
breathing
pg. 22
splen/o
spleen
pg. 22
split-thickness skin graft
STSG
SG in which the epidermis and parts of the dermis are used
pg. 150
sqaum/o
scaly
pg. 123
stern/o
sternum (breastbone)
pg. 38
strom/o
stromal
pg. 29
sub-
under, below
pg. 18
Prefix
subcutaneous
route of injection into the fat layer beneath the skin
pg. 155
Suffix
word part at the END; indicate if word is anatomic, pathologic, diagnostic, or therapeutic
pg. 3
superficial
on the surface of the body
pg. 43
superficial burn
first-degree burn
burn in which only the epidermis is damaged; characterized by erythema, tenderness and hyperesthesia, with no scarring
pg. 142
supine
lying on one’s back
pg. 44
supra-
super/o
upward, above
pg. 34
sur/o
calf
pg. 38
sweat tests
lab tests for abnormally high levels of sodium and chloride present in the perspiration of persons with cystic fibrosis
pg. 147
system/o
system
pg. 34
tars/o
ankle
pg. 38
tel/e
far
pg. 129
thel/e
nipple
pg. 34
therm/o
heat, temperature
pg. 22
thorac/o
chest
pg. 38
tonsill/o
tonsil
pg. 22
top/o
place, location
pg. 131
topical
type of drug applied directly onto the skin as a cream, gel, lotion or ointment
pg. 155
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
pg. 22
trans-
through, across
pg. 18
Prefix
transdermal therapeutic system
TTS
a nonabsorbent adhesive patch that contains medication in a gel-like material on one side; applied to skin, allowing for a specified time release of the medication
pg. 155
trich/o
pil/o
hair
pg. 122
troph/o
nourishment, development
pg. 22, 129
tuberculosis (TB) skin tests
intradermal (ID) test using purified protein derivative (PPD) to test for either dormant or active TB; much more accurate than the multiple puncture tine test which had been used for screening purposes
pg. 147
tumor
nodule >2cm; any mass or swelling, including neoplasms
pg. 129
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate - surgical procedure that remvoes part of the prostate through the urethra
pg. 4
Tzanck
microscopic exam of lesions for the purpose of diagnosing herpes zoster and HSV
pg. 147
ulcer
circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin/mucous membrane resulting from necrosis (tissue death) that can accompany an inflammatory, infectious, or malignant process;
pg. 130
umbilic/o
umbilicus
pg. 38
uni-
one
pg. 43
valvul/o
valve
pg. 22
ven/o
vein
pg. 22
vers/o
turning
pg. 22
vertebr/o
backbone, vertebra, spine
pg. 22, 38
vesicul/o
blister or small sac
pg. 129
vestibul/o
vestibule
pg. 30
small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal
viral culture
sampling of vesicular fluid for the purpose of identifying viruses
pg. 147
viscer/o
organ/o
organ
pg 29
vitiligo
benign acquired disease of unknown origin, consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking in pigment
pg. 139
vulgar/o
common
pg. 136
warts
verruca
pl. verrucae
common, contagious epithelial growths usually appearing on the skin of the hands, feet, legs, and face; can be caused by any of the 60 types of the human papillomavirus (HPV)
pg. 135
wheal
circumscribed, elevated papule caused by localized edema, which can result from a bug bite; urticaria or hives results from allergic reaction
pg. 129
Woods’s light examination
method used to identify a variety of skin infections through the use of a Wood’s light which produces UV light; tinea caapitis ans pseudomonas infections in burns are two disorders that it can reveal
pg. 148
wound and abscess culture
lab samplings that can identify pathogens in wounds, like diabetic or decubitus ulcers, postoperative wounds or abscesses
pg. 148
xenograft
heterograft
temp SG from another species, often a pig; used until an autograft is available
pg. 150
xer/o
dry
pg. 137
skelet/o
skeleton
pg. 63
articul/o
joint
pg. 63
ligament/o
syndesm/o
ligament
pg. 63
tendin/o
tend/o
ten/o
tendon
pg. 63
fasci/o
fascia
pg. 63
-poiesis
formation
pg. 63
hematopoiesis
the continual formation of blood; occurs in bone marrow
pg. 63
orth/o
straight
pg. 63
rheumat/o
watery flow
pg. 63
physi/o
nature
pg. 63
orthopedist
orthopod
specialst who treats children with musculoskeletal disorders
pg. 63
rheumatology
rheumatologist
speciality that deals with disorders of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage; origin is Greek who thought many joint disorders were caused by an outpouring (effusion) of fluid into joint space; specialist
pg. 63
physiatry
physical medicine
physiatrist
concerns diagnoses and treatment of disease or injury with the use of physical agents like exercise, heat, massage & light; specialist
pg. 63
axial skeleton
consists of skull, rib cage, and spine
pg. 64
appendicular skeleton
consists shoulder bones, collarbones, pelvic bones, arms and legs
pg. 64
long bones
- humerus - upper arm bone
- femur - thigh bone
pg. 64
short bones
- carpal - wristbone
- tarsal - anklebone
pg. 64
flat bones
- sternum - breastbone
- scapula - shoulder bone
pg. 64
irregular bones
- vertebra - backbone
- stapes - ear bone
pg. 64
sesamoid
patella - kneecap
pg. 64
osteocytes
mature bone cells
pg. 65
matrix
material between cells; store calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) for the body to use as needed in the form of mineral salts
pg. 65
osteoblasts
cells that BUILD bone
pg. 65
osteoclasts
cells that BREAK DOWN cells to transform them as needed
pg. 65
compact bone
osteocytes and matrix make up this outer layer of bone
pg. 65
spongy bone
cancellous bone
made up of osteocytes and matrix but is less dense; within this layer lie the medullary cavity & red bone marrow
pg. 65
bone marrow
produces all the blood cells needed by the body
pg. 65
diaphysis
the long shaft of each long bone; most of the body of a long bone
pg. 65
epiphysis
the ends of a long bone
pg. 65
epiphyseal plates
on long bones: under the epiphyses; areas where bone growth normally occurs; between 16 -25yrs old the the plates close and growth stops
pg. 66
metaphysis
epiphysis and epiphyseal plates together make this
pg. 66
periosteum
outer covering of a bone
pg. 66
endosteum
inner lining of a bone
pg. 66
depression (bone)
any groove, openingor hollow space; provide entrance/exit for vessels and protection for the organs they hold
pg. 66
processes (bone)
raised or projected areas; often areas of attachment for ligments or tendons
pg. 66
foramen
pl. foramina
bone depression; opening or hole; foramen magnum, mental foramina
pg. 66
foramin/o
foramen
pg. 66
fossa
pl. fossae
hollow depression; surface of end of bone; olecranal fossa
pg. 66
foss/o
fossa
pg. 66
sinus
pl. sinuses
cavity/channel lined with membrane; paranasal sinuses
pg. 66
condyl/o
smooth, rounded projection at the end of a cone that articulates with adjacent bones; medial condyle of the femur
pg. 67
crest
narrow elongated elevation; iliac crest
pg. 67
epicondyl/o
bone process epicondyle; rough projection on the surface of the bone above the condyle to attach tendons & ligaments; lateral epicondyle of the humerus
pg. 67
head
rounded, usually proximal portion of some long bones; femoral head, humeral head
pg. 67
trochanter/o
bone process trochanter; one of two bony projections on the proximal ends of the femurs that serve as points of attachment for muscles; greater trochanter
pg. 67
tubercul/o
bone process tubercle; nodule or small raised area; costal tubercle
pg. 67
tuberosity
an elevation or protuberance, larger than a tubercle; ischial tuberosity
pg. 67
