Living And Growing

Question 0

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 0

They keep cells full of energy

Question 1

Name the parts of cell and their function

Answer 1

Nucleus- contains DNA
Cell membrane- controls what enters and leaves the cell
Cytoplasm- where many cell reactions happen
Mitochondrion- where aerobic respiration happens

Question 2

What’s the function of genes

Answer 2

Genes carry the specific codes for a combination of amino acids in order to produce a certain protein

Question 3

What is the function of DNA

Answer 3

They carry chromosomes which contain genes

Question 4

What controls how enzymes are made

Answer 4

Your genetic code which controls all activity

Question 5

Which scientists added to the ideas of the structure of DNA

Answer 5

Watson and Crick with data from Rosalind Franklin and chemist colleagues.

Question 6

What is the shape of DNA

Answer 6

Double helix. Like 2 chains wound together

Question 7

How is the function of a cell determined

Answer 7

The function is determined by how many genes in a cell are ‘switched on’. In any cell only some of a full set of genes are switched on

Question 8

Explain BASEPAIRING

Answer 8

4 bases A,T,G and C are linked like:
A-T
G-C
It’s called complimentary base-pairing.

Question 9

Explain BASETRIPLETS

Answer 9

When the BASEPAIRS are read in groups of 3. Each triplet specifies a certain amino acid.

Question 10

What are amino acids made into

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

What does the sequence of amino acids decide

Answer 11

How the protein will fold up into a certain shape

Question 12

What do your characteristics involve

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

What is insulin

Answer 13

A protein made in the pancreas that regulates your blood sugar

Question 14

What is collagen

Answer 14

A structural protein that’s makes up bodily structures. Skin, bones, tendons and walls of blood vessels contain collagen.

Question 15

What is haemoglobin

Answer 15

A carrier protein in your red blood cells. It carries oxygen from lungs to despairing cells

Question 16

Why do different cells make different proteins

Answer 16

Because they have different types of jobs to do and they have different amino acids making different proteins

Question 17

What is an enzyme

Answer 17

A catalyst that controls all chemical reactions in your cells and gut

Question 18

Why is the shape of an enzyme important

Answer 18

So that the enzyme can only catalyse one particular substrate

Question 19

What is the active site of an enzyme

Answer 19

The site on the enzyme that the substrate fits into

Question 20

What are the key factors that make enzymes work best

Answer 20

An optimum temperature and pH. Each enzyme works best at specific temp pH.

Question 21

Define denatured

Answer 21

When the shape of an enzyme has changed and can’t go back to its original shape

Question 22

What’s the formula for the temp coefficient

Answer 22

Rate at higher temp
Q10 —————————-
Rate at lower temp

Question 23

What does it mean by SPECIFIC

Answer 23

Only one certain type of substrate molecule can fit into a certain enzyme’s active site. - lock and key hypothesis

Question 24

What can cause mutations

Answer 24

Ionising radiation, random selection- having no external cause-, chemicals like tar

Question 25

When are mutations harmful

Answer 25

When they change your genetic code. Meaning a protein can't do its routine function

Question 26

When are mutations useful

Answer 26

When it leads to a trait that helps organisms survive better in its environment.

Question 27

What are neutral mutations

Answer 27

Mutations that are not useful or harmful

Question 28

What is energy

Answer 28

The capacity to do work

Question 29

Why do living organisms need energy

Answer 29

To build larger molecules from smaller ones, for muscle contractions, to control body temperature

Question 30

The difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 30

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and happens continuously. | Anaerobic respiration doesn't use oxygen and doesn't happen continuously.

Question 31

What is ATP

Answer 31

Adenosine Triphosphate. It's used as an energy source

Question 32

The word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 32

Glucose + oxygen <> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 33

The word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 33

Glucose <> lactic acid + energy

Question 34

What is the R Quotient? Respiratory quotient

Answer 34

Volume CO2 produced RQ= -------------------------------- Volume CO2 consumed

Question 35

How is the rate of respiration controlled

Answer 35

Controlled by enzymes and pH and temperature.

Question 36

What is oxygen debt

Answer 36

The amount of oxygen needed to break down excess glucose and produce lactic acid

Question 37

What's MITOSIS

Answer 37

2 identical copies of a chromosome

Question 38

What advantage do we have of being multicellular

Answer 38

We can be larger and more complex than single called organisms

Question 39

Mitosis produces....

Answer 39

Genetically identical cells

Question 40

What do organ systems allow us to do

Answer 40

Communicate between cells and the circulatory system Supply cells with nutrients Let the respiratory and digestive systems control exchanges with the environment.