livestock revolution

Question 1

what are the challanges with livestock farming?

Answer 1

Public health Over and under consumption,
Zoonoses and
Contaminants)
Animal health (EM) and welfare
Impact of climate change
Genetic diversity

Question 2

how much do animals consume?

Answer 2

35% of all cereal harvest
(1 billion tonnes of cereals fed to livestock (enough to feed 3.5
billion humans))

95% of commercial soybean harvest

33% of commercial fish catches

Question 3

what percentage of agricultural land do livestock account for ?

Answer 3

Livestock account for 80% of agricultural land

Question 4

how much waste does livestock produce?

Answer 4

Global livestock population produces ca 13 billion tonnes of ‘waste’/annum

Nitrogen (NH3, NO3-, N2O)
Phosphorus (H2PO4-)
Odour, biohazards

Question 5

what are the effects of heat stress on cattle?

Answer 5

Oxidative stress, immune suppression (infection & death)

Survival & redistribution of pathogens and/or their vectors

Reproduction disrupted
Production (quantity & quality) negatively affected:
Direct
Reduced activity, increased water intake, reduced feed intake
→ reduced growth rate (and fertility)
Indirect
Feed, wate

Question 6

how do we mitigate heat stress?

Answer 6

Cooling (fans, sprinklers) / shade
Breeding for thermo-tolerance

Question 7

what are the causes of over nutrition/ obesity?

Answer 7

Imbalance in calories consumed (energy
dense foods) and expended (exercise)

Over consumption of animal products
(nutrient dense) and ultra-processed foods
(nutrient poor

Question 8

what is obesity a significant risk factor for?

Answer 8

Metabolic syndrome;
Cardiovascular disease
Diabetes

Musculoskeletal disorders

Some cancers

Question 9

what nutrients do animal source foods contain?

Answer 9

only dietary source of intrinsic retinol, heme iron, vitamin b12 and d3

complete amino acid profile and bioavailable protein

only source of DHA and EPA, except sea vegetables

Question 10

what nutrients do plant source foods contain?

Answer 10

only source of dietary fibre

top source of phytonutrients

only significant source of vitamin C

Question 11

how many children have stunted growth?

Answer 11

148.1 million

Question 12

how many people are overweight?

Answer 12

2 billion people overweight and obese (37 million children)

Question 13

how many people have micronutrient deficiencies?

Answer 13

2 billion people

Question 14

what are zoonoses?

Answer 14

infections acquired from animals

Question 15

endemic zoonoses

Answer 15

gastrointestinal diseases
leptospirosis
cysticercosis
tuberculosis

Question 16

emerging zoonoses

Answer 16

highly pathogenic avian influenza

coronavirus