Liverpool Case Study Flashcards
Describe Location of Liverpool
Liverpool is a major city in the northwest of England, located in the metropolitan county of Merseyside. It lies along the eastern side of the River Mersey, around 5 miles inland from the Irish Sea.
Liverpool’s proximity to the Irish Sea also means it has strong links to Ireland and the wider Atlantic world. It is located near the Wirral Peninsula to the south, and just across the river is the city of Wallasey. The city’s urban area stretches into the surrounding regions of Knowsley, Sefton, and St Helens. The M62 motorway, one of the main trans-Pennine routes, connects Liverpool to other major cities, particularly those in and Greater Manchester areas, for example.
3 Liverpool endogenous factors
- Port & Maritime Heritage: Liverpool’s historical significance as a major port city, on the Mersey and close to the coast, has shaped its economy, culture, and infrastructure, contributing to its global trade connections and maritime identity.
- Cultural Institutions: The presence of world-renowned institutions like The Beatles Story, and numerous museums has established the city as a cultural hub, attracting tourism and creative industries.
- Industrial Legacy: The growth of industries such as shipping, and later manufacturing, has deeply influenced Liverpool’s economic development, shaping its workforce, housing, and urban layout.
3 Liverpool exogenous factors
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Money – Investment & Funding:
External investment, including government grants, private sector funding, and European Union development funds, has influenced Liverpool’s urban regeneration, infrastructure projects, and cultural initiatives, boosting its economy and growth. -
Ideas – Globalisation & Technological Advances:
As part of a globalized world, Liverpool has been influenced by external ideas, particularly in sectors like technology, music, and urban planning. The influx of new business practices, digital technologies, and global trends has shaped its economy and modern identity. -
People – Migration & Tourism:
Waves of migration, both international and from other parts of the UK, have brought diverse skills, cultures, and ideas to Liverpool. Additionally, its global reputation as a cultural and historical center has attracted millions of tourists, contributing to its economic and social development.
Ireland or wales. Chinese sailors and Chinatown
Describe the history of Liverpool
- Early Development: Liverpool began as a small fishing village in the 12th century, growing after King John granted it a Royal Charter in 1207 to establish a port for trade with Ireland. Muddy pool.
- Trade & Growth: By the 17th century, Liverpool’s strategic location helped it thrive through trade with North American and West Indian colonies, driven by the triangular trade involving sugar and slaves (1.5mil) for instance.
- Industrial Expansion: By the 19th century, Liverpool became the third-largest port in Britain, growing rapidly with new docks and a booming manufacturing industry, particularly shipbuilding and sugar refining.
- World War II Impact: During WWII, Liverpool was heavily bombed, suffering significant destruction and loss of life, making it the second most bombed city in Britain.
- Cultural & Economic Revival: In the late 20th century, Liverpool rebounded with cultural growth, becoming a center for music (notably The Beatles), football, and tourism, culminating in being named European Capital of Culture in 2008.
Describe lived experiences here (old v young and in Anfield vs Allerton)
- Older Person’s Experience: Remembers wartime hardships, post-war decline, and the rise of Merseybeat music, with high unemployment in the 70s and 80s.
- ## Younger Person’s Experience: Sees a thriving city with cultural vibrancy, tourism, football, and modern redevelopment, shaped by the legacy of The Beatles and the European Capital of Culture status.Anfield View: A vibrant, football-centric community facing socio-economic challenges like poverty and unemployment, with a need for more investment.
- Allerton View: A prosperous, peaceful area with spacious homes, good schools, and high-quality amenities, highlighting contrasts with more deprived neighborhoods.
Describe population and percentage of ethnic minority groups in 1980s vs now
Liverpool’s population has remained relatively stable from the 1980s to now, with a slight increase; it was around 440,000 in the 1980s and is approximately 500,000 today, reflecting urban regeneration and an influx of students, immigrants, and young professionals.
From the 1980s, when ethnic minorities made up around 10% of Liverpool’s population, the proportion has increased to about 15-20% today, driven by immigration from Eastern Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, alongside established Caribbean and South Asian communities.
In Central, lots of BMEs due to communities and cuisines.
Lots of Asians due to ChinaTown.
Describe education in terms of GCSE pass rates in 1980s vs now
GCSE pass rates in the 1980s were significantly lower than today. In the early 1980s, the pass rate for students achieving at least five GCSEs at grade C or above was around 30-40%. By contrast, recent data shows that the GCSE pass rate has increased, with approximately 70% of students now achieving five GCSEs at grade C or above, reflecting improvements in educational standards and access. Approximately 50k student places in Liverpool (for uni) and lots of attractions for them. Studentifcation
Describe life expectancies from 1980s to now
Life expectancy in Liverpool has increased from the 1980s to now; 73 to 79 on average due to healthcare
Describe crime 1980s to now
Crime in Liverpool has decreased since the 1980s; for example, recorded violent crime dropped by 26% from 2000 to 2020, reflecting a reduction in overall crime rates.
Physchogeography: Describe derive maps/graffiti
A derive map of Liverpool involved spontaneously exploring the city, starting at the Royal Albert Dock, experiencing the Beatles legacy in the Cavern Quarter, and heading towards Chavasse Park, letting the city’s atmosphere and urban environment guide their journey.
- Cultural Expression: Current graffiti in Liverpool often reflects the city’s rich cultural identity, celebrating its musical heritage, football murals and political messages related to social justice and community empowerment.
- Urban Regeneration and Youth Identity: Graffiti also portrays Liverpool’s ongoing transformation, with street art appearing in revitalized areas like the Baltic Triangle, symbolizing creativity, youth culture, and the city’s evolving artistic scene.
(Already mentioned questionnaire of well-being in Anfield)
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(Can talk about RAD (too small for ships now), City of Culture, UNESCO, Anfield Project, 3 graces, Tate North, Maritime Museum, Beatles, Capital of Pop)
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Describe songs (Beatles and Jamie Webster)
“Penny Lane” Beatles
- **“Penny Lane is in my ears and in my eyes.
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“In the pouring rain, / Very strange”
- The mention of rain ties into a common stereotype of Liverpool’s weather, reflecting the city’s often grey and rainy environment. This line highlights the contrast between the beauty of the place and the everyday realities of life in Liverpool.
Jamie Webster: This Place
(Owe it all to this place)
the accent’s like a song
It’s raining in the summer
Met Office Statistics show changeable weather patterns due to coastal position.
How have maps (cartography) changed over time? As shown by VisionOfBritain.
Maps of Liverpool have evolved significantly over time, reflecting the city’s growth and transformation. In the early centuries, maps depicted Liverpool as a small fishing village centered around the River Mersey with farms.During the industrial era, maps show rapid expansion with the development of docks, shipbuilding yards, and factories, marking the city’s rise as a major port. In the 20th century, maps highlight urban sprawl and the development of new infrastructure, while post-deindustrialization maps emphasize regeneration areas, new housing, cultural spaces, and tourism developments. Modern maps now focus on the city’s revitalized waterfront, transport networks, and cultural landmarks. Service sector and more railway stations/larger roads
Describe art
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“Liverpool from the River” by Joseph Mallord William Turner (1825):
Depicts Liverpool as a busy port city in the early 19th century, capturing the industrial boom with soft lighting and a focus on steamships, symbolizing the city’s maritime significance. -
“Liverpool Skyline” by Ben Johnson (2008):
A modern, detailed painting of Liverpool’s skyline, showcasing the city’s regeneration and iconic landmarks like the Royal Liver Building and the modern waterfront, reflecting its transformation into a cultural and tourism hub.
Describe a word cloud associated with Liverpool
Deindustrialization Era Word Cloud (Liverpool):
1. Decline
2. Unemployment
3. Shipbuilding
4. Poverty
Modern Era Word Cloud (Liverpool):
1. Regeneration
2. Tourism
3. Culture
4. Football
5. Music
Example 1 of contrasting qualitative and quantitaive sources
Stereotype of Liverpool being full of violence/gang behaviour/dropouts eg Ross Kemp Gangs TV show.
in 2020, the city was reported to have seen a significant decline in gang-related violence, with police initiatives such as the “Operation Target” contributing to reduced gang activity and lower crime rates compared to previous years.
Example 2 of quantitative and qualitative contrasting (can waffle in exam if asks for more eg reputation of Liverpool, qualitative, and quantitative facts that you can remember and vice versa)
A common stereotype about Liverpool is that it is primarily known for its working-class roots and lacks cultural sophistication. However, this is disproven by the fact that Liverpool was named the European Capital of Culture in 2008, highlighting its thriving arts scene, numerous galleries (like the Tate Liverpool), and music venues.
Give 3 reasons for the demographic change
People: Families moved to suburbs and so did retired elderly.
More multiculturalism
More employment for women. More contraception.
Ideas/resources: Flow of young people for uni and job opportunites. More young professionals
Money/investment:
Gentrification/regeneration projects forcing new people in and old out.
How does expedia present this place (the travel company)?
Expedia presents Liverpool as a vibrant, culturally rich city known for its historic landmarks, vibrant music scene, football heritage, and waterfront attractions like the Royal Albert Dock.
Describe Bold Street being a bipartite place (secondary data)
Two distinct areas with differing characteristics – the bottom of Bold Street is dominated by chain stores (Café Nero), whilst the top half has a more independent flavor. This creates two opposing different ‘sense of places’.
Many properties above the chain stores located at the bottom of Bold Street are vacant – as evidenced by the ‘to let’ signs. Windows are covered by curtains. Residential properties in the top half of Bold Street tend to be flats or apartments above the stores. Electric ‘buzzers’ at street level give this away, as well as some larger letter boxes. When they visited, the street was busy with younger people, some dressed in formal, professional clothing. There were also younger student aged people too. Strong evidence of a range of local, independent street cafes, bars, restaurants and eateries. These cater for a range of international cuisines and the businesses include: Lebanese Restaurant and a Turkish one.
What else was made in Liverpool
Rope - ropewalks
2023 hosted what
Eurovision and the Eurovision bid video (friendly/accepting)
World first wet dock 1709: What
Didn’t rely on tides
