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Pathology exam two > Liver pathology > Flashcards

Liver pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what does that hepatic triad consist of

A

hepatic artery, portal vein , bile duct

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2
Q

zone 1

A

periportal, most perfused

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3
Q

zone 2

A

intermediated area

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4
Q

zone 3

A

centrilobular, least perfused

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5
Q

where is the space of disse

A

between sinusoid and heptacytes

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6
Q

space of disse are home to

A

kuppfer and ito cells

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7
Q

when is ballooning seen

A

in degeneration of irregularly clumped organelles in cytoplasm

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8
Q

chronic inflammation is defined as how long

A

6 months

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9
Q

acute/chronic associated with generalized destruction of entire hepatic lobules

A

acute

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10
Q

tq bridging fibrosis is seen in

A

chronic hepatitis

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11
Q

precursor to fibrosis

A

ito cell

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12
Q

Is cirrhosis a specfic diease

A

no its is not

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13
Q

What four things are needed for you to have cirrhosis

A

bridging of fibrous septae, reorganized vascularity, regenerative parenchymal nodules, diffuse scars

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14
Q

what kind of scar doesn’t count for cirrhosis

A

focal scars they wont obstruct blood flow

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15
Q

most common cause of cirrhosis in the western world

A

alcohol

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16
Q

Ito cell function in cirrosis

A

they synthesize collagen which will contribute to the fibrosis

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17
Q

Ito cells convert to

A

myofibroblastic cells

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18
Q

Activated ito cells

A

synthesize excess collagen leads to eventual bridging septae with fibrosis

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19
Q

Portal hypertension most common cause

A

cirrhosis

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20
Q

TQ Complication of cirrhosis

A

portosystemic shunting, caput medusae

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21
Q

how is cirrhosis and encephalopathy related

A

progresssive liver failure via cirrhosis leads to increased ammonia, which leads to encephalopathy

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22
Q

Vast majority of liver failure is acute/chronic

A

chronic

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23
Q

3 major causes of massive hepatic necrosis

A

acetaminophen, amanita phalloides, unknown

24
Q

Examples of Hepatic dysfunction without overt necrosis

A

reyes syndrome, tetracycline toxicity, acute fattty liver of pregnancy

25
Q

Hepatic dysfunction without overt necrosis what ahppen to hepatocytes

A

are viable, but unable to perform normal function

26
Q

Hepatorenal Syndrome due to

A

poor renal perfusion

27
Q

what is hepatorenal syndrome

A

hepatic failure leading to renal failure

28
Q

Jaundice is the clinical sign of

A

Hyperbilirubinemia and cholestatic injury

29
Q

What is the bilirubin cycle? (the proces by which bilirubin is made)

A

HEME–>Biliverdin–>Bilirubin

30
Q

what can cause intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstruction

A

PSC

31
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis is due to

A

autoimmune diease

32
Q

autoimmune diease of intrahepatic ducts

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

33
Q

TQ patient has increased levels of GGT and ALP, what is the next test that should be done

A

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

34
Q

What are Anti-mitochondrial antibodies specific for

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

35
Q

Results from chronic obstruction of biliary tract, and gallstones are very common

A

secondary biliary Cirrhosis

36
Q

Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis results from what

A

chronic obstruction of the biliary tract, gallstones are most common

37
Q

Primary sclerosing cholangitis affects tq

A

intra and extrahepatic bile ducts

38
Q

What does PSC look like on a radiograph

A

beaded

39
Q

Onion Skin Lesion TQ

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

40
Q

Occurs in children given aspirin for viral induced fever

A

Reye’s syndrome

41
Q

What is the only irreversible liver condition

A

CIrrhosis

42
Q

Where do you see the most prominent amount of accumulation of lipid droplets in Alcoholic liver diease

A

zone 3

43
Q

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

A

obstruction of 2 or more major hepatic veins

44
Q

most common neoplasm of the liver

A

metastatic diease

45
Q

Most common liver tumor in pediatric population

A

Hepatoblastoma

46
Q

Most common sarcoma in liver

A

Angiosarcoma

47
Q

TQ most common cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A

HBV

48
Q

What is elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma

A

AFP

49
Q

Risk factor for Cholangiocarcinoma

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

50
Q

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis increase risk of

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

51
Q

What is the most common neoplasm of liver

A

metastatic neoplasm

52
Q

Wilson’s Disease mode of inheritance

A

Autosomal recessive

53
Q

TQ A1-AT leads to

A

emphysema, and cirrhosis

54
Q

What deficiency can lead to emphysema or cirrhosis

A

A1-AT Deficiency

55
Q

This causes hepatocellular dysfunction wihtout overt necrosis

A

reye’s syndrome

56
Q

what is the leading worldwide cause of hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hepatitis B

Pathology exam two (4 decks)

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