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block 11 module 7 > Liver Function Test > Flashcards

Liver Function Test Flashcards

1
Q

Most basic unit of the liver:

A

(hepatocyte)

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2
Q

what are liver sinusoids

A

vascular network inside the liver; endothelial blood lakes surrounding liver cell

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3
Q

organs involved in glucose regulation

A

pancreas and liver (main)

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4
Q

Glucose will be transformed into energy

A

GLYCOLYSIS

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5
Q

If glucose is not needed, it will be absorbed by the liver cell and transformed into glycogen

A

GLYCOGENESIS

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6
Q

Glycogen can be mobilized anytime when the body needs substrates or sugars for emergency purposes or in times of lack of nutrition. Glycogen will be broken down and released into the system wherever it is needed

A

GLYCOGENOLYSIS

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7
Q

Glucose is gained not only by its uptake from the preformed glucose that has been absorbed but it can also be formed by amino acids that are absorbed and transformed

A

GLUCONEOGENSI

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8
Q

Major vitamins stored by the liver are

A

vitamins A, B12, and K.

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9
Q

how long can the liver store vitamins given that it is intact

A

10-12 months

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10
Q

what substances can liver synthesize for local use

A

amino acids
transaminases (ALT/AST)
alkaline phosphatase

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11
Q

3 main export products of the liver

A

bile acids
cholesterol
phospholipids

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12
Q

precursor for crystal and gallstone formation in the biliary system if there are not enough bile acids to keep cholesterol in solution

A

cholesterol

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13
Q

causes of liver disease

A
  1. altered circulation
  2. immunologic reactions
  3. metabolic defects
  4. toxins, infections
  5. neoplasms
  6. biliary obstruction
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14
Q

Most sensitive, in measuring clearance and excretion functions of the liver

A

BROMSULPHTHALEIN TEST (BSP) & BILE ACIDS

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15
Q

what does BSP measure

A

clearance and excretion functions of the liver

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16
Q

First to be knocked out in liver dysfunction

A

BSP and Bile acids

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17
Q

Check for cholestasis or flow of bile in the liver

A

bilirubin

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18
Q

Confirms cholestasis

A

Alkaline phosphatase and 5’ nucleotidase

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19
Q

5’-nucleotidase is used to confirm

A

ALP of liver origin

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20
Q

used to confirm ALP of liver origin

A

5’-nucleotidase

21
Q

what test would you perform if you want to confirm hepatic cell necrosis

A

ALT and AST

22
Q

Can pickup liver parenchymal damage or severe form of liver disease

A

PROTHROMBIN TIME & SERUM AMMONIA

23
Q

If you want to test for metabolic function of the liver

A

PROTHROMBIN TIME & SERUM AMMONIA

24
Q

what is PROTHROMBIN TIME & SERUM AMMONIA for

A

test for metabolic function and severity of liver disease

25
Q

where are bile acids stored in a fasting state?

A

gallbladder

26
Q

gallbladder empties bile into

27
Q

what would be the result of serum bile acids on patients who do not have intact ileum

A

decrease of bile acids in the liver

28
Q

substance that when injected intravenously into the body noted to be cleared right away

A

Bromsulphthalein

29
Q

disadvantage of BSP

A

BSP remains high in the serum. But it cannot differentiate whether the problem is biliary obstruction or a parenchymal liver disease

30
Q

AST is previously called

31
Q

ALT is previously called

32
Q

why is there high levels of AST and ALT in acute hepatitis

A

due to acute injury and destruction of the liver cells

33
Q

why is there lowre levels of AST and ALT in Cirrhosis

A

liver cells have been replaced by scar tissue thus lower elevation of transaminase, lower levels are due to the chronicity of the disease

34
Q

why is there elevated AST and ALT in liver metastasis

A

destruction of liver cells and presence of hyperplastic cells

35
Q

Used for determination of BILIARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION

A

alkaline phosphatase

36
Q

other organs that ALP can be derived

A

bone, placenta kidneys

37
Q

why ALP level is high in pregnant px

A

presence of this enzyme in the placenta

38
Q

what is used to confirm that ALP is from the liver

A

GTTP

Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

39
Q

what is used to confirm that ALP is from the liver

A

GTTP

Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

40
Q

albumin is synthesized in

A

hepatocytes

41
Q

low levels of albumin suggests

A

chronic liver disease

42
Q

non hepatic causes of hypoalbuminemia

A

protein malnutrition
protein losing enteropathies
nephrotic syndrom
prolonged increase in IL-1 and TNF

43
Q

Most sensitive measure of chronic liver disease problem

A

Prothrombin time (PT)

44
Q

single best acute measure of hepatic synthetic function

45
Q

PT is prolonged in

A

hepatitis
cirrhosis
Vit K deficiency

46
Q

why does administration of Vit K in prolonged PT needed to confirm liver disease

A

If PT improves upod admin of Vit K, it means that there are still enough hepatocytes that can produce coagulation factors

47
Q

vit k dependent clotting factors

A

Factors II, VII, IX, X

48
Q

multifactorial causes of COAGULATION PROBLEMS IN SEVERE LIVER DISEASE

A

Vit K malabsorption

platelet abnormalities

block 11 module 7 (4 decks)

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