Liver Function Flashcards
Liver is a functionally complex organ that plays a critical biochemical role in what?
Metabolism, digestion, detoxification & elimination of subs from the body
Weight of a liver in a healthy adult
1.2 to 1.5 kg
Location of the liver
Attached from the diaphragm, protected by lower rib cage
Divides the liver into two lobes
Falciform ligament
True or false:
Right lobe is 6 times larger than left lobe
True
Provides 25% of total blood supply to the liver
Hepatic artery
Provides 75% of total blood supply to liver
Portal vein
Location where two blood supply merge and supply
Sinusoids
Small spaces between hepatocytes that form intrahepatic ducts
Bile canaliculi
The functional unit of the liver
Responsible for the metabolic and excretory functions of liver
Lobules
What are the two major cell types
Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells
Make up 80% of volume of the organ
Responsible for the regenerative properties of liver
Hepatocytes
These are macrophages that lines the sinusoids
Acts as a active phagocytes capable of engulfing bacteria
Kupffer cells
Enumerate the 4 biochemical functions of the liver
Excretory/ Secretion
Synthesis
Detoxification
Storage
Processing and excretion of endogenous & exogenous substances into the bile/urine
Excretory/ Secretion
Major heme waste product
Bilirubin
Largest internal organ of the human body
Can regenerate cells that have been destroyed by some short term injury/dse
Liver
Has only the capacity to rid the body of heme waste product
Liver
How much bile can body produce in a day
3 L
How much body excretes bile in a day
1 L
Principal pigment in a bile
Bilirubin
Insoluble in water and can’t remove until it has been conjugated by the liver
Unconjugated bilirubin
Carrier responsible for transporting unconjugated bilirubin to endoplasmic reticulum
Ligandin
Enzyme which transfers glucoronic acid molecule to form conjugated bilirubin
UDPGT - Uridyldiphosphate glucoronyl transferase
A colorless product
It is oxidized to an ange color product called ______
Urobilinogen
Urobilin / Stercobilin
Gives stool it’s brown color
Urobilin or Stercobilin
How much bilirubin produce in a day
200 to 300 mg
Total amount of bilirubin in serum of a healthy adult
0.2 to 1.0 mg/dl
It is Responsible for synthesizing many biological compounds
What are the biological compounds
Synthesis
CHO, Lipids and Proteins
What is the most important fxn of the liver
Metabolism of carbohydrates
When carbohydrate is absorbed and ingested the body can do 3 things which are?
Use glucose as cellular energy requirement
Circulate glucose for use at peripheral tissues
Store glucose as glycogen within the liver or tissues
Store glucose as glycogen
Glycogenesis
Degrade glycogen
Glycogenolysis
Create glucose from from non carbon substrate like pyruvate, lactate and amino acid
Gluconeogenesis
Almost all proteins are synthesized by the liver except for what?
Immunoglobulins and Adult Hgb
Important function of liver in detoxification and drug metabolism
First pass - every substance that is absorbed in GIT must first pass through the liver
What are the 2 function of the first pass?
- Can allow imp. substances to reach the systemic circulation
- Can serve as barrier to prevent toxic substances from reaching the systemic circulation
What are the 2 mechanisms for detoxification of foreign materials and metabolic products
- Bind material reversibly as to inactivate compound
2. Chemically modify the compound do it can be excreted
It is the Most important mechanism and is a system that is responsible for the detoxification of drugs through ____________
Drug metabolizing system of liver
Through: oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, carboxylation and demethylation
Yellow discoloration of eyes, skin and mucous membranes most often resulting from the retention of bilirubin
Jaundice
French word which means yellow
Jaune
Type of jaundice that is not seen in a naked eye
Overt jaundice
It is the increase of bilirubin level in serum or plasma sample
Icterus
Classification of jaundice where problems occurs prior to liver metabolism
Pre hepatic
Classification of jaundice that occurs when the primary problem resides in the liver
Hepatic
Classification of jaundice where results from biliary obstructive disease is usually from physical obstructions
Post-hepatic
Classification of jaundice where there is an increase in conjugated bilirubin
Pre-hepatic
A condition which scar tissue replaces normal and healthy liver tissue
Blocks the flow of the blood through organ and prevents the liver from functioning properly
Cirrhosis
It is the cancer of the liver cells
Tumors
Type of liver cancer that begins in liver cell
Primary liver cancer
Most common type of liver cancer where tumors from the other parts of the body spread to the liver
Metastatic liver cancer
It is a term used to describe group of disorders caused by infectious, metabolic, toxic / drug induced dses foundalmost in children
Reye syndrome
The liver is the primary target organ for adverse drug rxns because it plays a central role in drug metabolism
Drug-alcohol related disorder
Heavy and prolonged consumption of this can lead to alcoholic cirrhosis and cause very mild transient and unnoticed injury
Ethanol
An enzyme that eliminate alcohol in liver
Alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
