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Clinical Chemistry 02 > Liver Function > Flashcards

Liver Function Flashcards

1
Q

Liver is a functionally complex organ that plays a critical biochemical role in what?

A

Metabolism, digestion, detoxification & elimination of subs from the body

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2
Q

Weight of a liver in a healthy adult

A

1.2 to 1.5 kg

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3
Q

Location of the liver

A

Attached from the diaphragm, protected by lower rib cage

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4
Q

Divides the liver into two lobes

A

Falciform ligament

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5
Q

True or false:

Right lobe is 6 times larger than left lobe

A

True

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6
Q

Provides 25% of total blood supply to the liver

A

Hepatic artery

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7
Q

Provides 75% of total blood supply to liver

A

Portal vein

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8
Q

Location where two blood supply merge and supply

A

Sinusoids

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9
Q

Small spaces between hepatocytes that form intrahepatic ducts

A

Bile canaliculi

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10
Q

The functional unit of the liver

Responsible for the metabolic and excretory functions of liver

A

Lobules

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11
Q

What are the two major cell types

A

Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells

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12
Q

Make up 80% of volume of the organ

Responsible for the regenerative properties of liver

A

Hepatocytes

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13
Q

These are macrophages that lines the sinusoids

Acts as a active phagocytes capable of engulfing bacteria

A

Kupffer cells

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14
Q

Enumerate the 4 biochemical functions of the liver

A

Excretory/ Secretion
Synthesis
Detoxification
Storage

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15
Q

Processing and excretion of endogenous & exogenous substances into the bile/urine

A

Excretory/ Secretion

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16
Q

Major heme waste product

A

Bilirubin

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17
Q

Largest internal organ of the human body

Can regenerate cells that have been destroyed by some short term injury/dse

A

Liver

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18
Q

Has only the capacity to rid the body of heme waste product

A

Liver

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19
Q

How much bile can body produce in a day

A

3 L

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20
Q

How much body excretes bile in a day

A

1 L

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21
Q

Principal pigment in a bile

A

Bilirubin

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22
Q

Insoluble in water and can’t remove until it has been conjugated by the liver

A

Unconjugated bilirubin

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23
Q

Carrier responsible for transporting unconjugated bilirubin to endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ligandin

24
Q

Enzyme which transfers glucoronic acid molecule to form conjugated bilirubin

A

UDPGT - Uridyldiphosphate glucoronyl transferase

25
Q

A colorless product

It is oxidized to an ange color product called ______

A

Urobilinogen

Urobilin / Stercobilin

26
Q

Gives stool it’s brown color

A

Urobilin or Stercobilin

27
Q

How much bilirubin produce in a day

A

200 to 300 mg

28
Q

Total amount of bilirubin in serum of a healthy adult

A

0.2 to 1.0 mg/dl

29
Q

It is Responsible for synthesizing many biological compounds

What are the biological compounds

A

Synthesis

CHO, Lipids and Proteins

30
Q

What is the most important fxn of the liver

A

Metabolism of carbohydrates

31
Q

When carbohydrate is absorbed and ingested the body can do 3 things which are?

A

Use glucose as cellular energy requirement
Circulate glucose for use at peripheral tissues
Store glucose as glycogen within the liver or tissues

32
Q

Store glucose as glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

33
Q

Degrade glycogen

A

Glycogenolysis

34
Q

Create glucose from from non carbon substrate like pyruvate, lactate and amino acid

A

Gluconeogenesis

35
Q

Almost all proteins are synthesized by the liver except for what?

A

Immunoglobulins and Adult Hgb

36
Q

Important function of liver in detoxification and drug metabolism

A

First pass - every substance that is absorbed in GIT must first pass through the liver

37
Q

What are the 2 function of the first pass?

A
  1. Can allow imp. substances to reach the systemic circulation
  2. Can serve as barrier to prevent toxic substances from reaching the systemic circulation
38
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms for detoxification of foreign materials and metabolic products

A
  1. Bind material reversibly as to inactivate compound

2. Chemically modify the compound do it can be excreted

39
Q

It is the Most important mechanism and is a system that is responsible for the detoxification of drugs through ____________

A

Drug metabolizing system of liver

Through: oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, carboxylation and demethylation

40
Q

Yellow discoloration of eyes, skin and mucous membranes most often resulting from the retention of bilirubin

A

Jaundice

41
Q

French word which means yellow

A

Jaune

42
Q

Type of jaundice that is not seen in a naked eye

A

Overt jaundice

43
Q

It is the increase of bilirubin level in serum or plasma sample

A

Icterus

44
Q

Classification of jaundice where problems occurs prior to liver metabolism

A

Pre hepatic

45
Q

Classification of jaundice that occurs when the primary problem resides in the liver

A

Hepatic

46
Q

Classification of jaundice where results from biliary obstructive disease is usually from physical obstructions

A

Post-hepatic

47
Q

Classification of jaundice where there is an increase in conjugated bilirubin

A

Pre-hepatic

48
Q

A condition which scar tissue replaces normal and healthy liver tissue

Blocks the flow of the blood through organ and prevents the liver from functioning properly

A

Cirrhosis

49
Q

It is the cancer of the liver cells

A

Tumors

50
Q

Type of liver cancer that begins in liver cell

A

Primary liver cancer

51
Q

Most common type of liver cancer where tumors from the other parts of the body spread to the liver

A

Metastatic liver cancer

52
Q

It is a term used to describe group of disorders caused by infectious, metabolic, toxic / drug induced dses foundalmost in children

A

Reye syndrome

53
Q

The liver is the primary target organ for adverse drug rxns because it plays a central role in drug metabolism

A

Drug-alcohol related disorder

54
Q

Heavy and prolonged consumption of this can lead to alcoholic cirrhosis and cause very mild transient and unnoticed injury

A

Ethanol

55
Q

An enzyme that eliminate alcohol in liver

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Clinical Chemistry 02 (1 decks)

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