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Rusvm LAM 1 Dr. Ronan > Liver Dz Part 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Liver Dz Part 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which Acinar zone is MOST susceptible to toxic/ hypoxic damage?

A

Zone 3

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2
Q

Do horses have a gallbladder?

A

NO, which is why there is no need to perform PRE or POST prandial sampling for bile acid analysis

Nor do they have a sphincter….. so the bile is unconcetrated and continuously flows

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3
Q

What are the C.S.’s of Liver failure?

A
  • Unspecific signs*
    1. Wt loss
    2. Colic
    3. Abdominal distention
    4. Diarrhea
    5. Tenesmus —> Retal prolapse
    6. Spontaneous bleeding, petechiation
    7. (Foals) Fecal color changes
    8. (Ponies) Inspiratory stertor
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4
Q

What organ has the highest capacity of PHAGOCYTES in the entire body?

A

The Liver

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5
Q

T/F: The Portal vein brings both Nutrients and oxygenated blood

A

False, the blood is NOT oxygenated but it does bring nutrients

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6
Q

What artery brings Oxygentated blood to the Liver?

A

Hepatic Artery

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7
Q

What % of the entire body weight does the liver make up?

A

1% —> Its one of the largest organs

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8
Q

Which zone of the Acinar is most metabolic?

A

Zone 1

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9
Q

What are the 4 MAIN functions of the liver? What two other systems does it function w/?

A
  1. Metabolic
  2. Storage
  3. Excretory/ Detoxification
  4. Secretory
  • Innate Immune fx
  • Digestive fx
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10
Q

The liver maintains a LOW or HIGH serum level of aromatic amino acids?

A

Low

They are Tryptophan, tyrosin, phenylalanine

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11
Q

What % of plasma proteins does the liver sythesize?

What are the 2 important ones?

A

90%

Albumin & coagulation factors/fibrinolysis

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12
Q

Ammonia detoxification occurs in what organ?

A

Liver

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13
Q

T/F: Unconjugated bilirubin is excreted into the bile

A

False, CONJUGATED bilirubin

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14
Q

Bile acids are completely cleared from the body in how many circulations?

A

1

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15
Q

How well is Bilirubin cleared from the body?

A

Ineffective clearance and recirculation

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16
Q

If your patient has an INCREASED conjugated bilirubin, will you test the bile acids?

A

No, bile acids always INCREASE 1st….. so if conjugated bilirubin is increased…… bile acids are def. INCREASED

Don’t waste your client’s money!

17
Q

How often does the liver repair itself?

& fibrosis “bridging” b/w lobules impairs what fx?

A

Constantly

Impairs regeneration, also…. lack of portal blood supply will REDUCE regeneration

18
Q

What % of damage must occur to the liver before you will see abnormal fx or failure?

A

70-80%

19
Q

T/F: Liver Dz is common in Horses

A

TRUE

20
Q

C.S.’s of liver Dz

A

UNSPECIFIC

  1. Wt loss
  2. Anorexia
  3. Depressed mentation
  4. Colic
21
Q

Most common cause of wt loss in horses? & what are 3 reasons for this?

A

Lack of nutrients

  • nutrition
  • dental issues
  • Parasites
22
Q

What is Colic?

Is this a Dx or a syndrome?

A

Visceral abdominal pain

Syndrome

23
Q

At what stage of liver failure would you see abdominal distention/ Ascities?

A

SEVERE

24
Q

What is the pathophysiology of ascites?

A

Portal hypertension & lymph leakage

25
Q

Pitting edema can be seen d/t?

A

SEVERE HYPOalbuminemia

26
Q

What C.S can result in a rectal prolapse?

A

Tenesmus (unknown pathophys.)

27
Q

Liver failure causes fecal color changes in the Equine adult or foal?
Will the poop look darker or lighter?
What causes the color change?

A

FOAL

Lighter color

A lack of bilirubin (Cholestasis) —> Lack of stercobilirubin

28
Q

Inspiratory stertor/dyspnea d/t Liver failure is seen in?

Older horses

Adults

Ponies

Foals

A

Ponies —> results in Pharyneal or Laryngeal collapse

29
Q

Spontaneous bleeding / Petechiation is seen w/ what stage of liver dz?

A

Advanced

30
Q

Icterus/ Jaundice is?

A

Yellow discoloration of:

  1. Mucous membranes
  2. Sclera
31
Q

What causes a more pronounced icterus? Increased production of bilirubin OR decreased excretion of bilirubin

A

Decreased excretion of bilirubin

32
Q

What is a Neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by hepatic dysfunction or portosystemic shunt?

A

Hepatic Encephalopathy

33
Q

INCREASED levels of AMMONIA can cause swelling of what cells?

A

Astrocytes (suspected)

34
Q

Process of Photosensitization d/t plant origin.

Which Hypersensitivity rx is this?

A

Chlorophyll —> phylloerythrin (Liver fails to excrete)

Type 3

35
Q

Photosensitization d/t primary photodynamic agent entering skin by ingestion is classified as Type ___?

I
II
III

A

Type 1

36
Q

Hepatogenous secondary to Photosensitization is which type?
I
II
III

A

Type 3

37
Q

Which type of Photosensitization is not seen in horses? What is it d/t?

A

Type 2 - accumulation of endogenous photodynamic agents

38
Q

If Liver Dz is suspected, what ancillary tests would you want to perform? (4 tests)

A
  1. Blood analysis
  2. Transabdominal US
  3. Abdominocentesis
  4. Liver bx - Histopath. / bacteriology
39
Q

T/F: You need to fast your Equine patient before running a Bile Acid test

A

FALSE - b/c horses have NO GALLBLADDER

Rusvm LAM 1 Dr. Ronan (2 decks)

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