Liver disease Flashcards
What is the anatomy of the liver
2 lobes -> 8 lobules.
Made of central vein, sinusoids (blood capillaries)
bile ducts
hepatocytes
What do bile ducts join to form?
The common bile duct
What is the common bile duct
drains bile into duodenum
Where does the blood come from for the liver?
1/4 from cardiac output
3/4 from hepatic portal vein- nutrient rich from gut
what is a Kupffer cell in the liver
macrophages of liver
How does the liver help w metabolism?
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
(Breaks down glucose and makes new glucose)
Makes cholesterol and carried by lipoproteins
Proteins- amino acids made
can break down to ammonia-> urea for excretion
How does the liver detoxify?
coverts ammonia to urea
Detoxifys drugs and xenobiotics
phase 1- cytochrome p450 enzyme
phase 2- conjugation w compounds for more hydrophilic
Endocrine activities of liver - modifications and break down
Modifys some hormones
Vit D3 to 25-OH D3
T4 to more potent T3
Insulin-like growth factor
breaks down-
insulin and glucagon
PTH growth hormone oestrogens glucocorticoids
gastrin
What’s stored in the liver
Fats
Glycogen
Trace elements
Vitamins
What hormones are made in the liver
Insulin-Like growth factor
Thrombopoietin- platelet stimulator
What plasma proteins are made in liver
Coag factors
Lipoproteins
Transport for steroid and thyroid hormones
Angiotensinogen (salt conservation)
What is used for iron transport
Transferrin
What is made in the liver
Acute Phase proteins - for inflammation
Bile acids
transferrin
plasma proteins
Hormones
What is bile made of
Bile salts
cholesterol
lecithin
Bilirubin
Removal of bilirubin
Macrophages breakdown heme forming bilirubin
Conjugated bilirubin in bile and goes to intestine
glucuronic acid removed by bacteria. Some them reabsorbed from blood and transported to kidney.
Some stays in colon.
Some goes from colon to liver
