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PT3 GI and DERM > Liver, biliary tree and pancrease > Flashcards

Liver, biliary tree and pancrease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

portal blood flow features

A
  • low hydrostatic pressure
  • little resistance to flow
  • maximal contact in sinusoids
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2
Q

functions of the liver

A
  • energy metabolism and substrate conversion
  • synthesis and secretion of proteins
  • solubilizing, transportaiton and storage
  • protection and clearance
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3
Q

molecules metabolized by liver

A

carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
drugs

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4
Q

reactions that protein is metabolized by

A

oxidative deamination

transamination

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5
Q

dysfunction of protein metabolism disease

A

hepatic encephalopathy

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6
Q

dysfunction of lipid metabolism disease

A

steatosis

hyperlipidemia

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7
Q

phase I metabolism reactions

A

oxidation
hydroxylation
reduction

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8
Q

phase II metabolism reactions

A

glucuronide
sulfate
glycine
glutathione

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9
Q

proteins synthesized by liver

A

serum albumin

clotting factors

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10
Q

serum albumin role

A
  • plasma oncotic pressure

- binding protein

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11
Q

protection and clearance functions of liver

A
  • phagocytic and endocytic functions (Kupffer cells)
  • ammonia metabolism
  • hepatocyte synthesis of glutathione
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12
Q

causes of acute hepatitis

A
  • viral hepatitis
  • drugs
  • poisons
  • toxins
  • autoimmune
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13
Q

hep A genome

A

RNA

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14
Q

hep B genome

A

DNA

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15
Q

hep A acute or chronic

A

acute only

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16
Q

hep B acute or chronic

A

acute and can progress to chronic

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17
Q

hep A results from

A

direct killing of hepatocytes

18
Q

hep B results from

A

attack of host immune system after recognition of viral antigen

19
Q

hep C genome

A

RNA

20
Q

hep C acute or chronic

A

mostly chronic

21
Q

most common cause of cirrhosis

A

hep C

22
Q

how is alcohol toxic to liver

A

increases fluidity of biologic membranes, disrupting cellular functions

23
Q

Wilson’s disease

A
  • copper deposits in eye

- sign of chronic metabolic hepatitis

24
Q

mechanisms of liver injury

A

inflammation
fibrosis
cirrhosis (extensive fibrosis)

25
Q

manifestations of liver dysfunction

A
  • portal hypertension

- clinical presentation (ascites, hypoalbuminemia)

26
Q

2 outcomes of portal hypertension

A
  • portal-to-systemic shunting

- disorder of renal Na and H20 homeostasis

27
Q

results of portal-to-systemic shunting

A
  • increased intrahepatic venous pressure
  • increased sinusoid pressure
  • decreased hepatic filtration
  • blood bypasses liver
28
Q

results of renal Na and H20 homeostasis disorder

A
  • altered intravascular pressure

- increased NO levels

29
Q

main clinical manifestations of cirrhosis

A

ascites
hypoalbuminemia
peripheral edema
jaundice

30
Q

ascites

A

inappropriate excessive renal retention of Na and thus peritoneal fluid in abdomen

31
Q

treatment for ascites

A

diuretics
Na restriction
paracentesis

32
Q

organs involved in biliary tree

A

liver
gallbladder
pancreas
duodenum

33
Q

sequence of biliary tree functions

A
  • absorb Na and water
  • liver concentrate bile
  • gallbladder stores bile
  • bile released
  • bile acid delivered to duodenum for digestion
34
Q

symptoms of gallbladder disease

A
  • episodic RUQ pain

- n/v

35
Q

symptoms of bile duct obstruction

A
  • jaundice
  • pruritus
  • dark urine
  • acholic stools (pale poop)
36
Q

two functions of pancreas

A
  • produce digestive fluid/juices to neutralize acidic chyme

- produce hormones

37
Q

diseases of pancreas

A
  • diabetes
  • pancreatic cancer
  • acute pancreatitis
  • chronic pancreatitis
38
Q

acute pancreatitis features

A
  • short inflammation

- immune response to tissue necrosis caused by digestive enzymes released from damaged exocrine cells

39
Q

causes of acute pancreatitis

A

gallstones
overeating
high alcohol consumption
tissue injury

40
Q

chronic pancreatitis features

A
  • lasts longer than 3 weeks

- due to irregular fibrosis that replaces endocrine and exocrine cells

41
Q

causes of chronic pancreatitis

A
  • mostly high alcohol consumption

- acute pancreatitis

42
Q

symptoms of chronic pancreatitis

A

insufficient endocrine and exocrine release

PT3 GI and DERM (8 decks)

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