Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Exam 3 > Liver A&P > Flashcards

Liver A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Major disease of liver

A

Viral, toxic and alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Lobes of the Liver

A

Right lobe (largest)
Left lobe
Caudate lobe
Quadrate lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Liver to the diaphragm via

A

Falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Blood supply of liver

A

Contains about 30% of all the blood and it receives it via arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal Portal Blood Pressure and Abnormal BP

A

5-10 mmHg
Increase in greater than 12 leas to portal hypertension which leads to ascites, bleeding, encephalopathy, coagulation disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

***Macroscopic Anatomy

A

Weighs 1500 mg
30% of resting cardiac output and reservoir for blood
Largely from venous blood (75%) via portal vein (stomach, small intestine, pancreas and spleen)
25% of blood supply is from hepatic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the functional units of the liver?

A

Live Lobules (have a central vein and are surrounded by connective tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampula =

A

Bile duct and pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sphincter of Oddi and Bile

A

Controls release of bile from bile duct which is important for digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

***Microscopic Anatomy (Plasma + space, ascites, central vein and bile)

A

Plasma is filtered into the space of Disse were it contacts hepatocytes
Fluid is is protein containing and is continuous with lymph capillaries (can form ascites)
Hepatic blood empties into the central vein of each lobe
Bile does not mix with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does bile not mix with blood?

A

Biliary system starts with canaliculi formed by two hepatocytes which secrete bile into it
Bile canaliculi transport bile retrogradely to the bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Hepatocytes

A

Parenchymal cells

Define the liver functions and are linked to desmosomones (gap junctions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Endothelial cells

A

Sinusoids with fenestrations (holes where things can be exchanged)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Kupffer cells

A

Tissue macrophages and scavenge bacteria

  • Biliary duct cells
  • Pit cells (NK)
  • Ito cells (fat-storing cells, Vit A)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Glycogenesis

A

Liver removes glucose from the blood and builds glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define Glycogen Storage

A

2 day supply of glucose

17
Q

Define Glycogenolysis

A

If hypoglycemia occurs, epinephrine and glucagon will induce glycogenolysis
- During starvation ketones = fuel

18
Q

Define gluconeogensis

A

Liver will convert amino acids to glucose

Stimulated by glucocorticoids

19
Q

Free Fatty Acids make

A

TGs

20
Q

Cholesterol + Lipoproteins make

A

VLDL secreiton

21
Q

Ketone bodies =

A

Oxidation of fatty acids
Acetoacetate
Beta-hydroxybutyrate

22
Q

Syntehsis of fat and cholesterol

A

Fat: excess glucose, amino acids and alcohol

23
Q

Cholesterol and Bile

A

Liver synthesizes large amounts of cholesterol and bile acids
Liver clears excess cholesterol from blood (produces VLDL)
Liver secretes bile, which serves to emulsify lipids in the small intestine and to excrete cholesterol and bilirubin

24
Q

Major pathway to get rid of excess cholesterol

A

Synthesis of bile acids and secretion of bile

25
Q

Protein Metabolism in the Liver

A

Deamination of amino acids
Form urea for removal of ammonia
Formation of blood proteins

26
Q

Albumin

A

Determines osmotic pressure

27
Q

Transferrin

A

Transport proteins

28
Q

Alpha1-anti-trypsin

A

Protease inhibitor

29
Q

Coagulation factors

A

Prothrombin and fibrinogen

Factor VII, IX, and X

30
Q

***Liver + Protein Metabolism/Breakdown

A

Converts to urea

-Liver dysfunction results in an increase of ammonia in the blood (hepatic encephalopathy)

31
Q

***Liver + Hgb Breakdown

A

Liver takes up bilirubin and couples with 2 molecules of glucuronic acid for final excretion into bile
Liver dysfunction leads to accumulation and jaundice

32
Q

Define Bilirubin

A

Waste product from the catabolism of heme

Conjugated bilirubin is yellow

33
Q

Brown color of poop?

A

Bilirubin produces sterocobilins

34
Q

Liver + Hormones and Nutrients

A

Hydroxylates vitamin D3 to active form
Stores iron
Stores vitamins (A, D, B12)

35
Q

Phase 1

A

Mainly P450 through HYDROXYLATION (addition of an OH)
Enzymes synthesized in liver
High energy
Slow capacity

36
Q

Phase 2

A

Makes things more water soluble for excretion through CONJUGATION
Enzymes synthesized in liver
Low energy
High capacity

37
Q

Benzoapyrene Metabolism

A

Resistant to hydrolyation by epoxide so it covalent binds to DNA leading to a mutation on the Hras oncogene which causes lung and skin tumors

GI Exam 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions