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SON 2112-DMS ABD 1 > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Codate lobe

A
  • small lobe located on the posterior and superior surface of the left lobe
  • located anterior to the IVC
  • superior to the porta hepatis
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2
Q

Albumin _________ with chronic liver disease

A

Decreases

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3
Q

Cirrhosis

A
    • long term/multiple attacts on the liver destroying normal architecture
    • looks shrunken may see nodules
    • Leading cause is alcohol abuse
    • Shrinks liver and causes abnormal buildup of fluid in the abd known as ascites
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4
Q

Right Portal Vein

A

Larger of the two branches

Runs lateral into the right lobe

Anterior and posterior branches

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5
Q

falciform ligament

A
  • Liver is suspended from the diaphragm and the anterior abdominal wall by this ligament.
  • Fold of peritoneum extends from liver to abdominal wall
  • Divides the medial and lateral segments of the left lobe
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6
Q

Main lobar fisher

A
  • Best seen in sag
  • Splits left and right lobe anatomically
  • Connects Right portal vein and gallbladder
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7
Q

Hepatic arteries

A

Carry blood to the liver from the aorta - oxygen

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8
Q

Amebic (parasitic) abscess

A
  • Caused by parisite
  • Patients usualy have a hx of traveling out side the country
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9
Q

Echogenic Metastases

A
  • GI tract
    • colon
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10
Q

Couinaud’s 9 segments of the liver

A

I - Caudate Lobe

II - Left lobe lateral superior

III - Left lobe lateral inferior

IVa - Left lobe medial superior

IVb - Left lobe medial inferior

V - Right lobe anterior inferior

VI - Right lobe posterior inferior

VII - Right lobe posterior superior

VIII - Right lobe anterior superior

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11
Q

Hypoechic Matastases

A
  • Breast cancer
  • lung cancer
  • lymphoma
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12
Q

Bare area

A

a large area of liver without peritoneum where the diaphragm makes contact

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13
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflamation of the liver

As a sonographer we look at liver size/ any change in liver it self (i.e. tecture)

Diferant types;

A - fecal/oral

B - Blood/bodily fluids

C - Blood

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14
Q

Glisson’s Capsule

A

dense, fibroelastic, connective tissue layer surrounding liver- pain is felt here when liver swells.

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15
Q

Cavernous hemangioma

A
  • Most common Benign hepatic tumor
  • Homogeneous, hyperechoic with sharp margins
  • comes in 1 maybe 2
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16
Q

Diseases affecting the liver may be classified as…..

A
  • Hepatocellular-when the liver cells or hepatocytes are affected:
    • Hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver, hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Treated medically via drugs and other supportive methods
  • Obstructive-when bile excretion is blocked
    • Gallstones and/or tumor.
    • Treated by surgical intervention
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17
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A
  • Also known as Hepatoma
  • Primary liver cancer
  • Persons with cirrhosis at high risk
  • Usualy:
    • before 40
    • Most common in 6th decade
  • not as common as metastatic disease
18
Q

The 3 structures termed the

Portal Triad

A
  1. Portal Vein
  2. Proper hepatic Artery - anterior and to the left of the portal vein
  3. Common hepatic bile duct - anterior and to the right og the portal vein
19
Q

Ligamentum teres (round ligament)

A
  • a remnant of the umbilical vein of fetal circulation, attaches to the left portal vein.
  • Runs with the falciform ligament.
  • Divides medial and lateral segments of the left lobe.
  • Best seenin transverse, inferior to left portal vein
20
Q

Glycogen storage disease

A

Autosomal recessive disorder that causes excessive glycogen to be stored in the liver

Multiple hypoecoic masses in bright/fatty liver - will need to know pt hx

*Disorders of metabolism*

Benign

21
Q

Porta Hepatis

A

Where triad enters liver

LOCATION

22
Q

Echinococcus cyst (hydatid disease)

A
  • Parasitic tapeworm
  • sonographic appearance
    • Water lily sign
    • Mother daughter
    • honey-comb
23
Q

Fatty Liver & Sonographic appearance

A
  • Fatty infiltration or steatosis
  • accumulation of fatty deposits within the liver cells.
  • Benign
  • Reversible disorder of **metabolism**

See at Liver kidney interface

Increased echogenicity – bright when compared to the kidney.

Renal cortex will appear hypoechoic.

24
Q

Fatty Sparring

A

Part of the liver is spared of fat. Normal liver tissue is spared of the echogenic fatty infiltration.

seen near gallbladder/portal vein

25
Q

Bull’s Eye or Target pattern

A
  • Lung Cancer (bronchogenic)
  • Colorectal Cancer
26
Q

Main portal vein

A
  • Approaches the porta hepatis toward the right and anterior to IVC
  • Enters the liver, divides into two branches
  • Formed from junction of SMV and splenic vein
  • NOT A BRANCH OF IVC
27
Q

Left Portal Vein

A

Anterior and superior than the RPV

Medial and lateral branches

28
Q

Metastatic Disease

A
  • Secondary tumors
  • More common than hepatoma
  • “Silent Killer”
    • symtoms
      • Jaundice
      • pain
      • Nutritional & muscle wasting
  • Several types
    • Most common
      • GI tract (COLON)
      • breast
      • lung
29
Q

Focal nodular hyperplasia

FNH

A
  • Rare Benign tumor
  • Nodule of extra normal liver tissue
  • Females - before 40 on long-term oral contraceptive
  • sonographic appearance;
    • Hypoecoic, isoechoic or hyperecoic compared to normal surrounding tissue
    • <8cm
30
Q

Hepatic adenoma

A
  • True Neoplasms
  • Uncommon
  • Females of childbearing are-long time oral contraceptive use.
31
Q

Anatomicly, THIS seperates the liver into the right and left lobe

A

Main lobar fisher

32
Q

Schistosomiasis

A
  • Parasitic
  • Parasites in the portal vein walls
  • sonogrphic appearance;
    • Thinkend/ecogenic portal vein walls
    • dilation of MPV - portal HTN
33
Q

Ligamentum Venosum

A
  • Best seen in Sag
  • Seperates left and codate lobe
34
Q

Fungal (candidiasis) abscess

A
  • Usualy in patinets with compromised ammune systems (i.e. HIV, chemo tratments)
35
Q

liver and trauma

A

Trauma can cause Hematoma

new - anicoic

more ecogenic as it ages

36
Q

Name the 3 lobes of the liver

A

Right

Left

Codate

37
Q

Hepatic Veins

A
  • Right (RHV) - largest, and enters the right lateral aspect of the IVC.
  • Mid (MHV) - enters the anterior or right anterior aspect of the IVC.
  • Left (LHV) - smallest, enters the left anterior surface of the IVC.

** less echogenic due to less collagen**

**Drain Blood from liver into IVC-Detox**

38
Q

The main portal vein enters the liver and divides into what two branches

A

The _______ _______ ______ enters the liver and divides into the right and left portal vein.

Right - Larger of the two, runs lateral into the right lobe. Anterior and posterior branches

Left - anterior and superior to RPV. Medial and lateral branches

  • portal veins -carry blood from the bowel to the liver - nutrients*
  • More ecogenic walls*
39
Q

Pyogenic (Bacterial) Abscess

A
  • Bacteral infection - may be from recent ABD sx
  • Fever and/or high WBC
40
Q

Bile Ducts

A

Transport bile, manufactured in the liver, to the duodenum - digestion

41
Q

8 fuctions of the liver

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Digestion
  3. Storage
    • Iron, Copper, Vitamins
  4. Detoxification
  5. Wast disposal and excretion
    • Through bile
  6. Hemopoiesis before birth
    • Production of RBC’s
  7. Reservoir for Blood
  8. Heat production
42
Q

Budd-Chiari Syndrom

A

Thrombosis in the hepatic veins and/or IVC

SON 2112-DMS ABD 1 (2 decks)

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