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Patho Exam #4 > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of the liver parenchyma

A

Acute Viral Hepatitis

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2
Q

Caused by many viruses

Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr

A

Acute Viral Hepatitis

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3
Q 
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D (Delta)
Hepatitis E
are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ hep
A

viral

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4
Q

RNA virus spread by fecal-oral route

Also called enteric hepatitis

A

Hepatitis A (HAV)

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5
Q

2- to 7-week incubation period

A

Hepatitis A (HAV)

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6
Q

Prodromal period of _______ includes

Jaundice, RUQ pain. malaise, anorexia, nausea, low-grade fever, children may not experience jaundice

A

Hepatitis A (HAV)

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7
Q

Followed by jaundice lasting approx 2 weeks

Self-limited course

A

Hepatitis A (HAV)

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8
Q 
Prevention
Careful hand washing
Segregation
Cleaning of laundry and personal items
Immunization and γ-globulin
A

Hepatitis A (HAV)

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9
Q

Treatment includes:
Supportive (rest, nutritious diet)
Avoid ETOH, acetaminophen, hepatotoxins

A

Hepatitis A (HAV)

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10
Q

Serologic testing for _____ includes
Anti-HAV IgG (____ infection)
IgM (____infection)

A

Hepatitis A (HAV); previous; acute

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11
Q

Partially double-stranded DNA virus
Spread by parenteral contact with infected blood or blood products
Includes contaminated needles and sexual contact

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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12
Q

Also called serum hepatitis
300 million (5%) of world population have chronic infection
1 to 1.25 million in United States

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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13
Q

Risk factors
Perinatal, health care settings (3%); transfusions and dialysis (1%); acupuncture, tattooing, extended overseas travel, residence in an institution

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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14
Q

Incubation period of 2 to 6 months

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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15
Q

Prodromal period
Asymptomatic or rashes, arthralgia, arthritis, angioedema, serum sickness, glomerulonephritis, jaundice (lasting 2 weeks on average)

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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16
Q

Treatment

Persons with detectable virus and HBeAg positive readily transmit virus to their contacts, and should be counseled

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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17
Q

Most nonfulminant infections resolve spontaneously

About 5% progress to chronic infection

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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18
Q

Liver transplant treatment for

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

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19
Q

Surface antigen (HBsAg)

A

early/active and chronic infection in Hepatitis B (HBV)

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20
Q

Surface antibody (HbsAb)

A

resolution and immunity in Hepatitis B (HBV)

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21
Q

Core antigen (HBcAg)

A

appears first in active infection in Hepatitis B (HBV)

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22
Q

Core antibody (HBcAb)

A

seroconversion in Hepatitis B (HBV)

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23
Q

Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg):

A

viral replication and infectivity n Hepatitis B (HBV)

24
Q

Interferon-alpha
24 to 48 weeks of therapy
Response rate of 33%
treatment for ______

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)

25
Lamivudine, Telbivudine Adefovir, Tenofovir treatment for _____
Hepatitis B (HBV)
26
Entecavir (treatment of choice) Response rate of 67% Extremely expensive treatment for ______
Hepatitis B (HBV)
27
Immunizations for _____ Doses given at 0, 1, and 6 months 95% response rate Recommended as part of the childhood vaccination regimen and for high-risk individuals, and after exposure
Hep B (HBV)
28
Prevention of _______ | Administration of HBIG postinoculation
Hep B (HBV)
29
Contains high levels of hepatitis B surface antibody | Given within 7 days of exposure
HBIG postinoculation
30
Neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers Prophylaxis after needlestick or sexual exposure in nonimmune persons After liver transplantation in patients who are HBsAg+ prior to transplantation indications of exposure to ________
Hep B (HBV)
31
Single-stranded RNA virus (Flavivirus) | Spread through IV drug use or blood transfusions prior to 1990
Hepatitis C (HCV)
32
Also called non-A, non-B hepatitis | 3% worldwide infected
Hepatitis C (HCV)
33
Have 6 types
Hepatitis C (HCV)
34
most common in the United States but has a lower response rate to treatment
Type 1 HCV
35
common in N. America
Type 2-3 HCV
36
common overseas
Types 4-6 HCV
37
Usually asymptomatic | Course is erratic with wide fluctuations on liver enzymes
Acute HCV infection
38
Usually asymptomatic until advanced liver disease intervenes | Most common cause of end-stage liver disease with cirrhosis
Chronic HCV infection
39
Treatment for _______ infection of _____ Supportive and expectant Early treatment not recommended
acute; HCV
40
20% to 40% of acute seropositive patients will convert to seronegativity and an undetectable viral load during 1st 6 months after infection Immune globulin is not helpful in preventing infection in _______ infection of _____
acute; HCV
41
Treatment for _______ infection of _____ Assessed by a viral load and viral genotype Liver biopsy to stage disease activity
chronic; HCV
42
Treatment for ________ infection of ______ Pegylated interferon-alpha with ribavirin and protease inhibitor 5% to 10% drop out of treatment because of side effects and cost (expensive) Type 1: 48 weeks Other types: 24 weeks
chronic; HCV
43
Treatment for ______ active _____ Counsel regarding blood-borne precautions Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not currently recommend barrier methods for patients with long-term sexual partners because of the apparent low risk of infection
chronic; Hep C
44
Treatment for chronic active hepatitis C infection | includes vaccinating against hep _____ and _____
A and B
45
Defective RNA virus that requires the helper function of HBV to replicate Infection appears to accelerate and worsen HBV infection symptoms Prevention of HBV infection also prevents infection
Hepatitis D (Delta)
46
Transmitted parenterally and intimate contact | Prevention of HBV infection also prevents infection
Hepatitis D (Delta)
47
Prevention Safe sexual practices Avoidance of IV drug use Vaccination of susceptible persons with HBV vaccine
Hepatitis D (Delta)
48
No specific treatment
Hepatitis D (Delta)
49
Diagnosis | Anti-HDV IgM and IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Hepatitis D (Delta)
50
RNA virus spread via fecal-oral route Contaminated H2O Parenteral transmission
Hepatitis E (HEV)
51
Most common in developing countries or recent travel to these areas Relatively high mortality rate in pregnant women
Hepatitis E (HEV)
52
Incubation period is 2 to 9 weeks
Hepatitis E (HEV)
53
Prevention Careful hand washing Avoidance of undercooked foods Drinking safe H2O and beverages
Hepatitis E (HEV)
54
Supportive treatment
Hepatitis E (HEV)
55
Prodromal and icteric illness Usually last only 2 weeks Similar to HAV infection
Hepatitis E (HEV)

Patho Exam #4 (7 decks)

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