Liver Flashcards
Segments of the liver
▪️caudate lobe ▪️lateral segment LL superior ▪️lateral segment LL inferior ▪️medial segment LL ▪️anterior segment RL inferior ▪️anterior segment RL superior ▪️posterior segment RL inferior ▪️posterior segment RL superior
Cells of the liver
▪️hepatocytes 60% ▪️kupffer cells 30% ▪️stellar cells ▪️endothelial cells ▪️biliary epithelium
Bile components
▪️made by liver-hepatocytes secrete water and HCO3 ▪️green fluid made out of -water -electrolytes -bilirubin -bile acids -phospholipids -cholesterol
Bile pathway
▪️canaliculi ▪️sample ducts ▪️L and R hepatic ducts ▪️commons heptaic duct ▪️common bile duct
Alcohol metabolism in liver
▪️ethanol converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase
▪️AD converts AA to acetate
▪️acetate broken down into water and CO2
Drug metabolism in liver
▪️phase 1
-oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis by cytochrome P450 in SER to make drug more active
▪️phase 2
-conjugation- attachment of ionised group to drug (methyl/acetyl) to make drug water soluble
▪️phase 3- not common
-drug eliminated via ATPase pumps
Liver function test
▪️albumin
▪️alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
▪️bilirubin
▪️gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)
Liver synthesis
▪️AA ▪️coagulation factors- prothrombin ▪️thrombopoietin- hormone which regulates platelet formation ▪️bile ▪️GLP-1 ▪️bilirubin ▪️albumin
Liver storage
▪️glycogen
▪️vitamin A
▪️vitamin D
▪️vitamin B12
Bilirubin
▪️breakdown product of haem metabolism
▪️excreted in bile and urine
▪️brown faeces-stercobilin
▪️yellow urine-urobilin
Enterohepatic circulation
▪️liver makes bile
▪️secreted into duodenum
▪️helps break down and absorb fats
▪️bile is then reabsorbed by liver
Jaundice
▪️hyperbilirubinaemia
▪️yellow sclera (whites of eyes)
▪️yellowing of skin
▪️obstructive jaundice-caused by gallstones
