Liver Flashcards
The 2 structures that run in the fissure for the ligamentum venosum
- The ligamentum venosum
2. The gastrohepatic ligament
The fetal structure that atrophies to become the ligamentum teres
The umbilical vein
What is another name for the ligamentum teres?
The round ligament
The 3 structures that run in the hepatoduodenal ligament
- MPV
- Hepatic artery
- CBD
Together, the hepatoduodenal ligament and the gastrohepatic ligament form what?
The lesser omentum.
What ligament conducts the umbilical vein in the fetus?
Falciform ligament
The bare area of the liver is defined by what ligaments?
coronary ligaments
The coronary ligaments form the right and left __________ ligaments.
triangular
The ligamentum venosum is a remnant of the fetal _________ venosum.
ductus
________________ is the functional unit of the liver.
The lobule
The hepatocytes make up most of the liver
parenchyma and produce _________.
Bile
The sinusoids carry a mixture of arterial and venous
blood: _______% portal venous and ______%
hepatic arterial.
80 - 20
Phagocytosis is the primary function of the
__________.
Kupffer cells
The __________________ are the smallest unit of
the biliary tree.
Bile canaliculi
The _______________ unite to form the hepatic
veins.
Central veins
Bile is produced by the _____________ and
deposited into the ________________.
Hepatocytes
Canaliculi
A major component of bile is bilirubin. Bilirubin is a
product of ________________. It has two forms:
__________________ & ___________________.
RBC breakdown
conjugated
Unconjugated
Reticuloendothelial is responsible for blood production in the embryo, also
known as ______________________.
Hemopoiesis
The Kupffer cells are responsible for
_______________: the destruction of old blood cells
& bacteria.
Phagocytosis
The liver is important in maintaining normal
blood _____________ levels.
Glucose
The liver metabolizes:
1.
2.
3.
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
The liver Stores:
vitamins and glycogen
The liver is a blood reservoir: _______ to ______ ml
200 - 400
The Liver Produces heat from___________.
Chemical reactions
The detoxifies and forms lymph fluid: ______ to ______ of the body’s lymph fluid
1/3 - 1/2
◦ Enzyme produced mostly in the liver.
◦ Specific to hepatocellular damage.
ALT/SGPT
◦ Enzyme contained in tissue that uses a lot of energy, such as
the heart and liver.
◦ The ratio of AST to ALT is important, as it helps to differentiate
between cardiac and hepatocellular damage.
AST/SGOT
◦ Higher levels of this enzyme can be seen in children and pregnant women normally. It can also be elevated with bile flow obstruction.
ALP/ALK PHOS
◦ This enzyme can be elevated with liver damage, but it is not considered a specific indicator.
LDH
◦ This enzyme can be found in the liver, kidney and pancreas and is a sensitive indicator of alcoholism.
GGT
◦ Is a protein produced in fetal tissue normally present in only trace amounts after birth.
◦ Increased in certain types of liver and testicular cancers.
AFP
◦ Measures the ability of blood to clot.
PT
◦ If a patient has an _____ of > 1.2, biopsies should not be performed due to a risk of bleeding.
INR
◦ Albumin is a protein synthesized in the liver that helps maintain osmotic pressure. A decrease in in this protein may result in ascites.
Serum Protein
