Liver

Question 1

The adult liver is considered enlarged once the AP diameter exceeds:

A. 10 cm

B. 12 cm

C. 15 cm

D. 20 cm

E. 22 cm

Answer 1

C. 15 cm

AP exceeds 15 cm and length exceeds 18 cm

Question 2

Sonographic findings commonly associated with portal hypertension include all the following except:

A. hepatomegaly

B. splenomegaly

C. dilated main portal vein

D. hypoechoic liver parenchyma

E. formation of venous collaterals

Answer 2

D. hypoechoic liver parenchyma

liver is normally hyperechoic

Question 3

Organs most commonly associated with the development of polycystic disease include all of the following except:

A. liver

B. kidney

C. spleen

D. pancreas

E. adrenal gland

Answer 3

E. adrenal gland

Question 4

A cavernous hemangioma most commonly appears on ultrasound as a(n):

A. irregular complex mass

B. smooth hyperechoic mass

C. large complex mass

D. smooth hypoechoic mass

E. irregular hypoechoic mass

Answer 4

B. smooth hyperechoic mass

circular or oval shaped

Question 5

Which of the following ligaments separates the left lobe from the caudate lobe of the liver?

A. coronary

B. falciform

C. venosum

D. gastrohepatic

E. hepatoduodenal

Answer 5

C. ligamentum venosum

Question 6

The most common cause of cirrhosis is:

A. viral hepatitis

B. anorexia nervosa

C. alcohol abuse

D. biliary obstruction

E. congestive heart failure

Answer 6

C. alcohol abuse

Question 7

All of the following symptoms are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma except:

A. weight loss

B. hepatomegaly

C. abdominal pain

D. unexplained fever

E. elevated serum albumin

Answer 7

E. elevated serum albumin

there is decrease in serum albumin->suggests decrease in protein synthesis

Question 8

In the United States, a hepatic abscess is most likely to develop in which of the following conditions?

A. acute pancreatitis

B. biliary obstruction

C. ascending cholangitis

D. portal vein thrombosis

E. Budd- Chiari syndrome

Answer 8

C. ascending cholangitis

most common cause of hepatic abscess

Question 9

The left lobe of the liver is separated from the right lobe by which of the following structures?

A. rt hepatic vein and rt intersegmental fissure

B. middle hepatic vein and ligamentum venosum

C. lt hepatic vein and main lobar fissure

D. lt hepatic vein and right intersegmental fissure

E. middle hepatic vein and main lobar fissure

Answer 9

E. middle hepatic and main lobar fissure

Question 10

The right lobe of the liver is divided into anterior and posterior segments by the:

A. rt hepatic artery

B. main portal vein

C. right portal vein

D. right hepatic vein

E. middle hepatic vein

Answer 10

D. right hepatic vein

Question 11

A patient presents with a history of right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis. Upon further questioning, the patient admits to recently traveling abroad. A complex mass is identified in the right lobe of the liver. This most likely represents a(n):

A. hepatoma

B. abscess

C. adenoma

D. cystadenoma

E. echinococcal cyst

Answer 11

B. abscess

Question 12

Patients with a history of hepatitis B have a predisposing risk factor for developing:

A. an adenoma

B. an abscess

C. a hepatoma

D. focal nodular hyperplasia

E. a cavernous hemangioma

Answer 12

C. hepatoma

increased risk for developing cirrhosis OR hepatoma

Question 13

Daughter cysts are associated with which of the following pathologies?

A. adenoma

B. hepatoma

C. fungal abscess

D. cystadenoma

E. echinococcal cyst

Answer 13

E. Echinococcal cyst

cyst within a cyst

Question 14

Which of the following hepatic structures is interlobar in location?

A. hepatic artery

B. portal vein

C. hepatic vein

D. biliary duct

E. inferior vena cava

Answer 14

C. hepatic vein

Question 15

The normal blood flow pattern in the main portal vein is described as:

A. phasic

B. hepatofugal

C. pulsatile

D. continuous

E. retrograde

Answer 15

A. phasic

Question 16

Which of the following liver pathologies is associated with immune-suppressed patients?

A. adenoma

B. candidiasis

C. cavernous hemangioma

D. polycystic disease

E. echinococcal cyst

Answer 16

B. candidiasis

Question 17

Metastatic lesions involving the liver most commonly originate from a primary malignancy of the:

A. pancreas

B. kidney

C. colon

D. stomach

E. gallbladder

Answer 17

C. colon

Question 18

Which of the following ligaments serves as a barrier between the subphrenic space and Morison’s pouch?

A. falciform

B. venosum

C. coronary

D. gastrohepatic

E. hepatoduodenal

Answer 18

C. coronary ligament

Question 19

An abnormally enlarged or dilated vein is most commonly termed a(n):

A. shunt

B. varix

C. stent

D. aneurysm

E. perforator

Answer 19

B. varix

Question 20

Traditional lobar anatomy divides the liver into:

A. three lobes

B. four lobes

C. six lobes

D. eight lobes

E ten lobes

Answer 20

B. four lobes

right, left, caudate, quadrate

Question 21

Severe insult to the liver cells leading to subsequent necrosis describes:

A. cirrhosis

B. portal hypertension

C. fatty infiltration

D. Budd-Chiari syndrome

E. focal nodular hyperplasia

Answer 21

A. cirrhosis

Question 22

Von Gierke disease is most commonly associated with:

A. cirrhosis

B. polycystic disease

C. schistosomiasis

D. focal nodular hyperplasia

E. glycogen storage disesase

Answer 22

E. glycogen storage disease

most common type