Liver 2 Test Prep Flashcards
All of the following statements are true about the features most often observed in an extrahepatic mass except:
Internal invagination of the liver capsule
Fatty infiltrative disease has the same echo appearance as which pathology?
Cirrhosis
The functional or true right and left intrahepatic lobar divisions are between what structures?
Inferior vena cava and gallbladder fossa
Hepatocellular disease can be defined as a process that affects the:
Hepatocytes and interferes with liver function
Fatty infiltration may be observed in all patients except those with:
Hepatoportal fistula
As a blood reservoir, the liver has the capacity to enlarge and store how much blood?
200 to 400 mL
All of the following statements are true about the features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass except
Anterior displacement of the right kidney
This is the term that describes embryonic production of blood cells?
/
Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disorder caused by obstruction of the
Hepatic veins
Diminished vascular structures within the liver parenchyma most likely represent
Cirrhosis
What Doppler signal would be expected in the portal vein of a patient with portal hypertension?
Hepatofugal flow
Elevation of serum bilirubin results in:
Jaundice
Common malignancies affecting the pediatric population include all of the following except:
Hepatoblastoma
To visualize the normal or abnormal anatomical areas of the subdiaphragmatic, subhepatic, and hepatorenal spaces, the sonographer would select what anatomic scanning location?
Subcostal
On a longitudinal image, which of the following major vessels is located to the right of midline with the cephalic portion curving ventrally?
Inferior vena cave
Patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma are more likely to have had
Cirrhosis
Which scanning plane should the sonographer initially select to best visualize the lower liver segment?
Right posterior oblique
What benign liver tumor has been found in patients with type I glycogen storage disease?
Adenoma
Echinococcal cysts have the highest incidence in countries in which:
Sheep grazing is common
Dilated intrahepatic bile ducts may be seen with all of the following except:
Gallstones in the fundus of the gallbladder
This organ is on the left lateral border of the liver is often demarcated by strong C-shaped echoes?
Stomach
Jim MacDonald, a sheep farmer, arrives at the hospital with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and an elevated white blood cell count. He states that 3 months earlier, he was kicked in the ribs. An irregular mass showing low-level echoes is found on the sonogram. What is your differential diagnosis?
Echinococcal cyst
If a malignant neoplasm appears as an anechoic mass, what is a likely explanation for this echo characteristic?
The central liquefaction of necrosis
What is the most likely explanation when a 43-year-old woman is clinically jaundiced and has a marked elevated serum conjugated (direct reading) bilirubin level?
Obstructive jaundice
Sonographic findings of acute hepatitis include:
Brightness and overall decreased echogenicity of liver
What straddles the midline, is superior to the head of the pancreas, and is anterior to the inferior vena cava?
Caudate lobe
What is the location of a mass detected anterior and to the left of the ligamentum venosum?
Left lobe
porta hepatis (portal triad) contains the portal vein, hepatic artery, and what other structure?
Common hepatic duct
In severe hepatocellular destruction, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are:
High
Which vessel supplies the liver with oxygen-rich blood?
Portal vein
What area is carefully scanned on a follow-up examination on a patient with a history of cavernous transformation?
Porta hepatis
What vascular tumor is composed of blood vessel cells with a nonspecific sonographic appearance?
Hemangioma
The most common site for echinococcal virus growth is in the:
Liver
Elevation of alkaline phosphatase is associated with:
Biliary obstruction
What separates the intrahepatic right lobe from the left lobe?
Main lobar fissure
Which of the following imaging modalities is considered noninvasive?
Sonography
What structure along with the left hepatic vein separates the left hepatic lobe from the caudate lobe?
Ligamentum venosum fissure
The fossae of the right portal vein (RPV) and gallbladder are found in the:
Main lobar fissure
A marked increase of AST variance, greater than 1,000 U/mL, is clinically indicative of what pathology?
Acute severe fulminating hepatitis
The liver is suspended from the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by the:
Falciform ligament
Severe sound attenuation is associated with which pathology?
Cirrhosis
The most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver is
Metastases
Which one of the following tumors consists of large blood-filled spaces?
Cavernous hemangiomas
In which vessels does the right branch bifurcate into an anterior branch and a posterior branch?
Portal vein
The falciform ligament extends from the umbilicus to the diaphragm in a parasagittal plane containing the:
Ligamentum teres
The most common benign tumor of the liver is
Hemangioma
What benign liver tumor is located near the free edge of the liver and is solitary, well-circumscribed, and a nonencapsulated multinodular mass?
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Typical symptoms a patient may have with an abscess formation include all of the following except:
Decreased white blood count
The amebic abscess may reach the liver through the
Portal vein
Which vessels are used to delineate the right and left lobes; the right posterior and right anterior segments; and the left medial and left lateral segments?
Hepatic veins
Approximately what percentage of the liver’s blood is supplied by the hepatic artery?
25%
Which one of the following actions should be done to image the near field of the liver?
Use a curved array transducer
What is the most common primary liver malignancy in an adult?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
All of the following describe normal portal venous flow except:
Hepatofugal flow
What are the clinical implications for a 52-year-old man with a liver sonography examination suggesting long standing liver disease and the presence of alpha-fetoprotein?
Primary carcinoma
In addition to a central portal vein branch and hepatic artery, what other structure is contained in each of the eight segments described by Couinard?
Bile duct
What structure can present as a thick lucent band sometimes identified anterior to the spine, inferior vena cava, or aorta?
Crus of diaphragm
