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Abdominal II > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

Purposes of the liver

A

metabolism, detoxification, excretion, storage

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2
Q

Metabolism in the liver

A
  • major center of metabolism for carbs, lipids, & amino acids
  • glucose production
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3
Q

Detoxification in the liver

A

drug inactivation

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4
Q

Excretion in the liver

A

remove waste products via bile

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5
Q

Storage in the liver

A
  • stores vitamins & minerals (iron)
  • storing too much can result in tumor growth (not always harmful)
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6
Q

Disruption

A

any disruption damages liver cells

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7
Q

Functioning unit of the liver

A

Hepatocytes & Kupffer cells

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8
Q

Hepatocytes

A
  • functional unit of liver
  • synthesis of proteins & lipids
  • immune response
  • metabolism
  • detoxification
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9
Q

Kupffer cells

A
  • part of hepatocytes
  • hepatic cells that remove bile pigment, old blood cells, & by-products of phagocytosis from blood
  • deposited into bile ducts
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10
Q

Central veins

A
  • turn into hepatic veins
  • all throughout the liver, too small to see
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11
Q

Liver cells

A
  • small & don’t slow down blood flow
  • if cells swell up, it compresses space & portal vein can not flow in as easily
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12
Q

Liver location/shape/size

A
  • in RUQ, part of it can be in LUQ
  • shape & size are variable
  • left lobe is over IVC & aorta
  • right lobe is over kidneys & gallbladder (medial section)
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13
Q

Riedel’s lobe

A
  • not a lobe, variant of anatomy
  • left lobe is shorter, right lobe elongated downward
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14
Q

Caudate lobe

A
  • in the middle of the liver (segment 1) on anterior edge of IVC
  • bordered by ligamentum venosum anteriorly, IVC posteriorly, PV inferiorly
  • if something vascular disrupts liver, caudate lobe might be spared b/c it gets blood from lots of places
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15
Q

Middle of liver

A

where hepatic vein goes into IVC

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16
Q

Supporting Structures

A
  • ligaments that attach liver to diaphragm and arterial wall
  • heart is in the midline
17
Q

Coronal ligaments

A
  • referring to the heart
  • liver to diaphragm
18
Q

Triangular ligaments

A
  • left & right
  • hold up corners of the liver
  • liver to diaphragm
19
Q

Falciform ligament

A
  • fibrous
  • between 2 lobes of the liver
  • causes surface indention
  • connects to ligamentum teres
20
Q

Ligamentum teres

A
  • old umbilical attachment
  • on anterior & inferior part of left lobe
  • joins umbilical segment of left portal vein
  • may recanalize in portal hypertension
  • divides left lobe
  • in segment IV & is the center point
21
Q

Bare area

A
  • can’t see on a scan
  • no glistens capsule
  • on posterior right lobe, no peritoneal covering of liver
22
Q

Main lobar fissure

A
  • space/crease between 2 main lobes
  • separates right & left lobe
  • GB to PV
23
Q

Ligamentum venosum

A
  • anterior to caudate/IVC
  • to the left of caudate
24
Q

Couinaud’s Segments: 8

A

I - Caudate
II - Lt Lat Superior
III - Lt Lat Inferior
IV - Lt Medial - Quadrate lobe
V - Rt Inf Anterior
VI - Rt Inf Posterior
VII - Rt Sup Posterior
VIII - Rt Sup Anterior

25
Q

Can you tell immediately what segment of the liver you are in?

A

No, sweep through scan to make sure

26
Q

What segments are posterior to the hepatic vein?

A

VI or VII

27
Q

What divides the superior and inferior segments on the right side of the liver?

A

Right portal vein

28
Q

Vertical dividers

A
  • hepatic veins, Rt & Mid
  • Rt = anterior/posterior right lobe
  • Mid = left & right lobes
29
Q

Horizontal dividers

A
  • portal veins, Rt & Lt
  • Rt = superior/inferior right lobe
  • Lt = superior/inferior left lobe
30
Q

What to evaluate for in sonography of the liver

A
  • echogenicity - compare to adjacent structure
  • echotexture
  • size
31
Q

Sonographic appearances

A
  • homogeneous echotexture
  • parenchyma = medium level echoes
  • vasculature & bile ducts = anechoic structures
  • portal veins = echogenic walls
  • ligaments
  • know their expected location
32
Q

What scan plane is the only view that provides ant/post & sup/inf dividers?

A

sagittal

33
Q

How does blood flow through the liver?

A

goes through central vein that ends up in hepatic vein

34
Q

Where do you measure the common bile duct?

A
  • at portal triad (porta hepatis)
  • look for portal vein & hepatic artery

Abdominal II (4 decks)

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