Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

The next test after elevated ALP

A

abdominal Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the best marker for previous exposure to HBV.

A

anti-HBc IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

It correlates with the quantity of intact virus and, therefore, with infectivity and liver inflammation

A

HBeAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the first marker detectable in the serum in hepatitis B

A

the antigen HBsAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the”window”period for Hepatitis B infection?

A

HBsAg becomes undetectable, there is a period of Weeks to months before the anti-HBs antibody becomes delectable. This is called the “window,” and you must perform an unti-HBc IgM during this period to confirm acute hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa is associated with which hepatitis virus?

A

Hepatitis B is strongly associated with polyarteritis nodosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can pregnnt patients use HBV vaccine?

A

yes it is safe for pregnant patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The likelihood of developing chronic HBV

A

is inversely related to age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a woman with breast cancer who also has an inactive carrier state with hepatitis B is to be started on chemotherapy. What other drug is given?

A

Lamivudine is given with her chemotherapy to blunt viral replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a newborn of a mother with hepatitis B

A

Give a newborn of a mother with hepatitis B HBIG and hepatitis B vaccination. There is a 5-10% transplacental transmission of HBV.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If an asymptomatic patient has HBsAg in the serum, what does it mean?and what should we do?

A

either the patient is a carrier or the patient has early hepatitis B -so initial action is only to follow closely (once the patient is infected; neither vaccine nor HBIG helps).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Close contacts to a patient with acute HBV infection should be given

A

should be given hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) followed by a complete course of HBV vaccinations. Pregnant women are treated the same.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of hepatitis B:

A

Pegylated interferon alpha (IFN-a) weekly injections x 4 months.
Oral lamivudine x 12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to use HAV vaccine?

A

It is for use in patients 2 years or older, and given as 2 doses, 6 months apart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indications for use of HAV vaccine:

A
  • high-risk behavior
  • children > 2 years old in communities with high rates
  • chronic liver disease pa
  • travel in high-risk countries
  • HAV vaccine is also given to all patients with hepatitis C; if these patients get hepatitis A. it can be fulminant.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

With which hepatitis infection mixed cryoglobulinemia strongly associated? How does it present?

A

Hepatitis C
Mixed cryoglobulinemia presents as a small vessel (leukocytoclastic) vasculitis with a rash consisting of “palpable purpura” or “crops of purple papules.”

17
Q

Treatment of hepatitis C:

A

pegylated INF-a and

• oral ribavirin.

18
Q

diagnosis of of hepatitis C:

A
  • Within 2-4 months after an episode of hepatitis C, recheck for loss of HCV-RNA
  • In a person positive for anti-HCV, check for active virus with HCV-RNA
19
Q

How Meaure response to treatment in Hepatitis C?

A

Measure response to treatment by following HCV-RNA: if no response at 12 weeks, discontinue therapy. For those who respond, if the HCV is genotype 1, treat for 1year; if it is genotype 2 or 3, treat for 6 months.

20
Q

With acute hepatitis in a traveler and negative standard serology (Hep A. B), think of

A

Hepatitis E

21
Q

Hepatitis E is associated with which risk factor?

A

Unlike hepatitis A. hepatitis E carries a very high risk for fulminant hepatitis in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy

22
Q

Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis

A

affected patients often have a positive ANA, anti-dsDNA. smooth muscle antibody (SMA), ANCA, and anti-actin.The SMA test is
the most specific of the autoantibody tests for type 1

23
Q

Diagnosis of Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis

A

Other forms of hepatitis must be excluded. and the following autoantibody tests are done: ANA, SMA, ANCA. You can also do antimitochondrial antibody

24
Q

Treatment of Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis

A

prednisone +/- azathioprine

25
Q

Drug-related chronic hepatitis

A

methyldopa, nitrofurantoin. acetaminophen. trazodone, phenytoin. and methotrexate, INH, and oral contraceptives.

26
Q

positive test in Drug-related chronic hepatitis

A

the patients are often ANA+.Hypergamaglobulinemia is also often present. Best treatment is to stop the drug.

27
Q

is the most common cause of fulminant hepatitis in the U.S?

A

Acetaminophen toxicity

If suspected, draw acetaminophen blood levels; early treatment consists of using n-acetyl cysteine (Mucomyst”)

28
Q

HCC-associated parancoplastic syndromes

A

Hypercalcemia and high hematocrit levels are indications of HCC-associated parancoplastic syndromes and are clues to the diagnosis. Consider hepatocellular cancer in any cirrhotic who decompensates without an obvious reason

29
Q

which treatment in chronic hepatitis C reduces the risk of HCC?

A

IFN-a

30
Q

What disease is most probable in a patient with tender hepatomegaly, a RUQ bruit,bloody ascites,a high alkaline phosphatase, and a very elevated alpha fetoprotein level?

A

HCC

31
Q

For patients with cirrhosis from either HBV or HCV, do hepatoma surveillance

A

with abdominal ultrasound and alphafetoprotein (AFP) levels every 6 months

32
Q

which test become abnormal first after acquiring hepatitis B infection?

A

Surface antigen

33
Q

which test is the most direct correlate with amount , or quantitiy of active viral replication? (B)

A

e-antigen

34
Q

Which test indicates that a patient is no longer a risk for transmitting infection to another person?(B)

A

No surface antigen found

35
Q

which test is the best indication of the need for treatment with antiviral medications in chronic disease?(B)

A

e-antigen

36
Q

which indicator is the best that a pregnant woman will transmit infection to her child?

A

e-antigen or DNA polymerase

GI (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions