LIVER Flashcards
How many lobes does the liver have?
How many segments?
4 lobes: R Lobe, L Lobe, Caudate Lobe, Quadrate Lobe
8 segments
Vascular inlets to the liver
Hepatic Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
Vascular outlets from the liver
Hepatic Veins (L, R, and Intermediate)
Cytolytic liver function tests
Which one is most sensitive?
AST - aspartate aminotransferase - indicates acute injury only
ALT- Alanine Transaminase - indicates acute injury only
Albumin - protein made in liver - best for ax chronic injury if low as albumin’s half life ~ 20 days
PT - most sensitive - affected clotting factors - I, II, V, VII, IX, X
Bilirubin - Direct, Indirect
What all can affect Pro-Thrombin Time?
Liver dysfunction
Hemophilia
Vitamin K Deficiency
Blood Thinner / Anti-Coagulants
Primary job of liver
Filter blood
All liver functions
Blood filtration
Bile production
Store Glycogen
Synthesis of most blood coagulation factors, such as fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII, as well as protein C and S, and antithrombin
Bile leaves the liver via the_____ and into the ____ to be stored or straight to the_____
L & R Hepatic Duct into the Common Hepatic Duct to the Duodenum or into the Cystic Duct into the Gall Bladder to be stored
The Common Bile Duct intersects with the_____ and the two combine into the ______ which leads to the ______
Main Pancreatic Duct
Hepatopancreatic Ampuela
Duodenum
The Common Bile Duct intersects with the_____ and the two combine into the ______ which leads to the ______
Main Pancreatic Duct
Hepatopancreatic Ampuela (Ampuela of Vater)
Duodenum
Where does unconjugated bilirubin come from?
Dying RBCs are phagocytized by macrophages from the reticuloendothelial system ….the RBC;s Hgb is broken up into Globin which is broken into amino acids, and the Heme group is broken down into protoporphyrin and then into unconjugated bilirubin
Unconjugated Bilirubin is conjugated in the
liver
Delta Bilirumbin is…
Unconjugated bilirubin bound to an albumin
Unconjugated bilirubin is water______
Water-Insoluble which is why it cannot be urinated out
Three categories of causes of jaundice
PRE-HEPATIC
Hemophilia
Hemolysis
HEPATIC
Liver dysfunction
POST-HEPATIC
Obstruction of biliary tracts
