Liver Flashcards
posterior relations to the liver
- diaphragm
- RK
- hepatic flexure of the colon
- duodenum
- gallbladder
- IVC
- esophagus
- fundus of stomach
areas of the liver that arent covered by peritoneum
- area that rest directly on the diaphragm (bare area)
- IVC fossa
- porta hepatis
- GB fossa
2 liver surfaces
- diaphragmatic
- visceral
liver visceral surface
posterior aspect
outlined by the sshape of the surrounding organs
the falciform ligament attaches
the anterior surfae of the liver to the anterior abdomnal wall
ligament of teres divides the left lobe into
medial and lateral segments
ligament venosum sits…
the caudate lobe and the left lobe
quadrate lobe
lobe on the inferior surface of the liver between the GB fossa and the fissure for the round ligament
riedels lobe
tounge like extension of the right lobe
common causes of fatty infiltration
alcohol
diabetes mellitus
obesity
severe hepatitis
chronic illnes
steroids
symptoms of fatty infiltration
typically no symptoms
liver may be enlarged
lab values of fatty infiltration
normal to increased ALT AST
increased ALP direct bilirubin
fatty infiltration on ultrasound
difficult to see vessels or structures in the liver
increased echogenicity
hepatitis lab values
increase ALT, AST
increase bilirubin
will be higher than cirrhosis
hep c can lead to
cirrhosis
acute hepatitis on ultrasound
increase in echogenicity
chronic hepatitis on ultrasound
heterogeneous and echogenic liver texture
end stage cirrhosis has
liver cell failure and portal hypertension
increased incidence of hepatoma
cirrhosis symptoms
fatigue
bruising
itchy and jaundice skin
ascites
nausea
swelling in legs
weight loss
poly cystic liver disease LFTS
normal
poly cystic liver disease is more common in
women
poly cystic liver disease on ultrasound
multiple cyst
loss of border definition
inflammatory diseases of the liver
pyogenic abscess
hepatic candidiasis
amebic abscess
hydatid cyst
inflammatory diseases of the liver symptoms
ELEVATED WBC
dark color urine
diarrhea
chills,vomiting,fever
sources of infection for a pyogenic abscess
**most frequent from E coli **
* cholangitis
* colitis
* direct spread from other organ
pyogenic abscess lab values
- elevated LFT
- leukocytosis and anemia
pyogenic abscess on ultrasound
***** Most common on right lobe of the liver
* complex
hepatic candidiasis is caused by
fungus
Who does hepatic candidiasis usually occur in
immunocompromised host
hepatic candidiasis on ultrasound
small hypoechoic masses with echogenic central cores
what is amebic abscess primarily a disease of
the colon but spreads to the liver parenchyma via the portal vein
echinococcal cyst is
from sheep and spread when food or water contains parasites
echinococcal cyst on ultrasound
daughter cyst
simple cyst
hemangioma occurs usually where
right lobe of the liver
hemangioma is the most
common benign tumor of the liver
liver cell adenoma has an increase incidence due to
use of oral contraceptives
focal nodular hyperplasia
increased incidence with oral contraceptives
rare
all malignant hepatic tumor have elevated what?
alpha feto protein
malignant hepatic tumor symptoms
weight loss
hepatomegaly
fatigue
vomiting and nausea
hepatoblastoma occurs in adults or children?
infants and children during the first 3 yrs of life
primary sites for metastatic disease to the liver
colon
breast
lung
spread of the cancer occurs through…
- portal vein
- lymphatics
- hepatic artery
- direct extension
symptoms of a hematoma
- drop in hematocrit level
- tenderness
- distention
- abd pain
